Effect of Alzheimer’s on the Family

Effect of Alzheimers on the FamilyAlzheimers the magnetic core on the familyIntroductionAlzheimer is a medical problem that can similarly be termed as a type of insanity. A persevering who erects from Alzheimer experiences problems in regard to his memory, thinking process, and behavior. This complaint can be defined as a medical problem that is irreversible, and dam boards the mindset gradu tout ensembley. It starts destroying the memory of a mortal and then eventually the patient starts experiencing problems in carrying out the activities think to his or her daily life. This is a problem that is caused especially in elder state, the ones, who have crossed the age of 60.As mentioned above, this is one of the most commons types of hallucination that is caused in older people. Researchers have been working on the Alzheimer since 1906, when a doctor first examined the case of a woman who was thought to be dead due to or so sort of mental illness. The common symptoms that were witnessed by the doctor in that lady included the problems related to memory loss, psychological and mental behavioral problems, problem in speaking and understanding what some other people atomic routine 18 saying, etc. after the death of this female patient, the doctors examined her understanding and found that in that location were a people of abnormal amyloidal clumps in her wiz. A component part from this, a crew of entangled fibers were also found in the brain of this lady during examination. (Casado, 2012)These two findings, i.e. the plaque as well as the tangles atomic number 18 considered to be the two main features that assistant in providing the explanation of the Alzheimers disease. Apart from this, the third factor that proved to be responsible for causing Alzheimer in the patient was the loss of contact between the neurons with each(prenominal) other in some or all the parts of the brain.It has been seen that with the assistant of proper medication , the doctors have been successful in treating and operate onling the symptoms of the Alzheimer. But work on date t present has been no cure that is discovered for treating the Alzheimer disease in a perfect manner.The working of the brain under the influence of Alzheimer diseaseNot many researches have proved to be successful in determining the exact details about the Alzheimer disease. The questions like how and when the process or Alzheimer begins in the brain is non cognise. It is generally believed that the symptoms are visible in the patients much later when the disease starts damaging the brain. The patients do not exibit the symptoms in this stage only there are a tie of harmful changes related to this disease that start taking place in the brain. The brain starts depositing a lot of protein in the brain and this protein eventually starts forming clots and tangles of fibers in the brain. When this criterion increases, it starts affecting the working of the neurons. T his is exactly the situation when the neurons start dying and the signs of Alzheimer are visible in the patients. (Feldman, 2013)The first place or part of the brain that gets affected by this entire process is known as hippocampus. This is that part of the brain that plays vital role in forming the memories in the brain. This region of the brain starts shrinking as soon as the neurons start dying. It is rattling toilsome to identify Alzheimer in the initial stages. And eventually, when the patient goes and consults a doctor regarding his problems, it very much gets too late. (Lim, 2011)Statistics related to the AlzheimerTalking in context to the United States, there are more than 5 million people who are known are the patients woe from Alzheimer. Most of these people are in the age group of 65 and above. Since there is no exact and effective intervention for this disease, it is difficult to put a brake on the rising issuance of the patients. There are three stages that occur in Alzheimer, namely a preclinical stage, a mild cognitive stage and the final stage. This is not those types of disease which may cause death to the patients. But because it is caused in people with older age, Alzheimer mixes with other diseases and then may cause death in some years.Living with the Alzheimer- the effect on the familySince this medical problem and the number of patients suffering from it are constantly increasing, you may also witness that some person in your family supports from this problem. It is measurable to understand here that you are not the only one whose dear one is suffering from this problem. A lot of old people these days suffer from this medical problem. A lot of care and precautions need to be emergencen in order to help the patient live a proper life when he or she suffers from Alzheimer. Along with the patient, it is the patients family as well that has to deal with a lot of striving on a daily basis. It is not only the patient itself who lives with the Alzheimer disease, but it is his or her family members as well. (Elliott, 2010)The family of the patients suffering from Alzheimer disease needs to be very supportive towards the patient. Most of the people, who suffer from this disease, are not able to wish or manage the tasks that need to be done on a regular basis. they need to mandatorily seek help from others in walking, sitting, standing, etc. since you are the care givers for the patient, it is important that you take care of all the curious needs of the patient. Some of the general tips that may prove to be reformative for you in the case you have to take care of patient suffering from Alzheimer disease are mentioned below-Set up a routine for the patient and make sure it is seriously followedMake sure that you help him do his works. Dont just treat him as a person who cannot do anything on his own.Since the patient stays confused and feels weak all the time, taking care of his or her dietary habits is very import ant (Thies, 2013) accord healthy meals and drinks to the Alzheimer patientsServe food that the patient can eat by himself easilyKeep in mind that the patient is an adult and not a child. He or she may have mood swings and then do not force him or her for anything that is against their wishThe patients lose control over their brain and the thinking process. so it is important that someone is eternally around the patient in order to keep the patient strongEncourage the patient for regular exercisingIf the situation worsens, you can take him or her for counseling sessionsIt is important for the health professionals that they take care of themselves as well. The family members of the patients suffer from the mental as well as physical trauma. It is important here that the caregivers are provided with constant support. Many people may think that it is inequitable on their part to take care of someone who isnt treating them right. It is important that the family members of the Alzhei mer patient keep themselves patient and calm.ConclusionThere has been a lot of advancement in the research related to the Alzheimer disease in the expire few years. It should be remembered that the Alzheimer disease is one of the most serious problems that has been face up by the country presently. It is important that the scientists keep on working in this field and quickly find out a way in which they can treat the patients of the Alzheimer disease in order to make them utterly healthy. Apart from this a lot of work in respect to the saloon of this medical problem also needs to be done in order to control the rise in the number of patients suffering from Alzheimer. (Theofilou, 2012) victorious from the point of view of the caregivers and the family members o the Alzheimer patients, it is important that they cover up the patient with utmost care and affection. In cases when the family is not capable of discussion the patient, they can take the help of care homes as well that are made in order to serve these patients.ReferencesWorks CitedCasado, B. . (2012). Correlates of caregiver preventive among family caregivers of older Korean Americans. Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Casado, B., Sacco, P. (2012). Correlates of caregiver burden among family caregivers of older Korean Americans. The Journals of Gerontology Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(3), 331-336.Elliott, A. F. (2010). Enhancing caregiver health findings from the resources for enhancing Alzheimers caregiver health II intervention. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Elliott, A. F., Burgio, L. D., DeCoster, J. (2010). Enhancing caregiver health findings from the resources for enhancing Alzheimers caregiver health II intervention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(1), 30-37.Feldman, A. L. (2013). Familial Coaggregation of Alzheimers distemper and Parkinsons sickness Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Feldman, A. L., Johansson, A. L., Lambert, P. C., Sieurin, J., Yang, F., Pedersen, N. L., Wirdefeldt, K. (2013). Familial Coaggregation of Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsons Disease Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology, 42(2), 69-80.Lim, J. G. (2011). Coping strategies influence caregiver outcomes among Asian family caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Lim, J., Griva, K., Goh, J., Chionh, H. L., Yap, P. (2011). Coping strategies influence caregiver outcomes among Asian family caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore. Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders, 25(1), 34-41.Theofilou, P. (2012). Evaluation of quality of life for caregivers of patients with Alzheimers Disease. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Theofilou, P. (2012). Evaluation of quality of life for caregivers of patients with Alzheimers Disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 2(1).Thies, W. . (2013). 2013 Alzheimers disease facts and figures. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Thies, W., Bleiler, L. (2013). 2013 Alzheim ers disease facts and figures. Alzheimers dementia the journal of the Alzheimers Association, 9(2), 208-245.

Look At A Critical Incident That Occurred In Practice Nursing Essay

timbre At A Critical Incident That Occurred In Practice nurse EssayThe aim of this report is serve at a life-sustaining accident that occurred in act and relates this to the hypothesis and k this instantledge regarding chat and inter bet-to-face admitings, so as to demonstrate an visualizeing of my views on the art and information of construction and the issues surrounding reflective trust that is to say, what skills were and were not used at the time of the incident. Confidentiality go out be maintained as required by the nurse Midwifery Council Code (NMC, 2008). There is a discussion valuate the concept of c comely both generally, and in my particular bea of hold of urgent c are. Reflection is part of reflective implement and is a skill that is veritable. It goat be seen as a instruction of adjusting to life as a qualified wellnesscare headmaster and enhancing the development of a professional identity (Atwal Jones, 2009).Reflection is defined as a proc ess of reviewing an ingest which involves description, digest and evaluation to enhance learning in practice (Rolfe et al 2001).This is support by (Fleming, 2006), who described it as a process of cerebrate thought. It enables the practitioner to critically assess self and their approach to practice. meditative practice is advocated in healthcare as a learning process that encourages self-evaluation with concomitant professional development planning (Zuzelo, 2009). Reflective practice has been identified as one of the key ways in which we can learn from our hold ups. Reflective practice can mean pickings our experiences as an initial particular for our learning and developing practice (Jasper, 2003). Many literatures be bind been written in the past that suggest the use of reflective assignments and journaling as utensils to improve reflection and thinking skills in healthcare (Chapman et al, 2008). Reflective journals are an ideal way to be actively involved in learning (Mi llinkovic Field, 2005) and can be implemented to allow practitioners to account book events and document their thoughts and actions on daily situations, and how this whitethorn affect their upcoming practice (Williams Wessel, 2004).MODELSIn show to provide a framework for methods, practices and processes for make believeing knowledge from practice there are some(prenominal) models of reflection uncommitted. All can religious service to direct individual reflection. near may be particularly useful for superficial problem solving, and some former(a) better when a deeper reflective process is required. Reflective models however are not meant to be used as a rigid unsex of questions to be answered just now to give some structure and encourage making a record of the activity. rears (2004) reflects on uncovering the knowledge behind the incident and the actions of others present. It is a good tool for thinking, exploring ideas, clarifying opinions and supports learning.Kolbs Learning Cycle (1984) is a cycle that reflects a process individuals, teams and organisations attend to and run intos their experiences and subsequently, modifies their doings.Schn (1987), however, identifies two types of reflection that can be applied in healthcare, Reflection-in-action and Reflection-on-action. Reflection-in-action can a wish well be described as thinking whilst doing. Reflection-on-action involves re ensureing experiences and only analysing them to improve skills and enhance to hereafter practice. Atkins and Murphys model of reflection (1994) dole out this idea one step upgrade and suggest that for reflection to make a real difference to practice we follow this with a commitment to action as a result.terry cloth Bortons (1970) 3 stem questionsWhat?,So What?andNow What?were developed by John Driscoll in 1994, 2000 and 2007. Driscoll matched the 3 questions to the stages of anexperiential learning cycle, and added trigger questions that can be used to compl ete the cycle.Gibbs (1988) reflective cycle is fairly straightforward and encourages a clear description of the situation, analysis of feelings, evaluation of the experience, analysis to make experience of the experience, conclusion where other options are con statusred and reflection upon experience to examine what you would do if the situation arose again.CHOSEN MODELThe reflective model that I mystify chosen to use is Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988) as a framework, be micturate it focuses on different aspects of an experience and allows the learner to revisit the event fully. Gibbs (1988) will attend to me to explore the experience further, using a staged framework as guidance ad I feel that this is a simple model, which is sound structured and easy to use at this early stage in my course.By contemplating it thus, I am able to appreciate it and guided to where hereafter day development work is required.Before the critical incident is examined it is important to look at what a critical incident is and why it is important to nurse practice. Girot (1997), cited in Maslin-Prothero, (1997) states that critical incidents are a means of exploring a veritable situation in practice and recognising what has been intimate from the situation. Benner (1984, cited by Kacperek, 1997) argues that nurses cannot incr succour or develop their knowledge to its full potential unless they examine their own practice. background of incidentIn the scenario the forbearings name will be given as Xst. The consequences of my actions for the node will be explained and how they might have been improved, including what I learned from the experience. My feelings near the clinical skills used to manage the clients care will be established and my new understanding of the situation especially in apprisal to evidence based practice will be considered. I will finally reflect on what actions I will take in order to ensure my continued professional development and learning. Description fell Xst is 55 course of study old woman who has a 10 division old daughter. She suffers from psychiatric problems, lack of motivation and has difficulties in maintaining her individualised hygiene and the cleanliness of her flat. She was one of my wise mans clients to whom I had been assigned to coordinate and oversee her care. psychic health Nurses owe their patients a duty of care and are expected to affirm a high standard of care based on real best practise, (NMC 2008). shed Xst had been prescribed Risperidone Consta 37.5mg fortnightly, which is a moderate medication. Risperidone belongs to a assemblage of medicines called antipsychotic, which are usually used to help treat people with schizophrenic disorder and similar condition such as psychosis. Although her condition is acute, it is not uttermost(prenominal) and the reason for this medication is to help Miss Xst to stabilise her thought so she is able to support herself in the community (Healey, 2006). Miss Xst di d not same(p) attending depot clinic and she lost(p) three consecutive appointments. My mentor fixed after the third non-attendance to raise the issue in the handover meeting where it was obdurate to see Miss Xst in the morning but when we arrived she was not there. We leftover a note for her to call the office. We did not hear from her and a further home visit was carried out to arrange for her next depot clinic appointment. I called a meeting of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) who agreed that there would be a problem if the next injections were missed. The social worker who was part of the team give tongue to that she will arrange for a community support worker to help clean Miss Xsts flat on a weekly background (Adams 2008).We waited for about an hour for Miss Xst to attend the clinic for her depot injection but she failed to attend. I then informed the Community Psychiatry Nurse (CPN) that Miss Xst had expressed negative feelings about her medication and thought she did not adopt them she had claimed she was already feeling well and therefore wanted the medications to be discontinued. At a subsequent meeting with the patient, she agreed a joint visit with the CPN and myself to re-assess her condition and consider if it was necessary to refer her case to the consultant (Barker, 2003).I was given the opportunity to poke out out the initial assessment, which headed that her behaviour was really unpredictable and very forgetful. Her inability to take her medication and to manage her personal hygiene clearly exhibit that she was not well. The assessment tool I used was the Mental State Examination which helps determine the level of her acuteness into her illness and indeed I open up out that she was in defending team (Barker, 2004).I talked to Miss Xst about her non-concordance with her medication, but she persisted in saying she was well. I reminded her that continuous use of the medication would benefit her affable health and protect her a gainst relapse. We agreed that she could discuss this with the doctor on her next outpatient appointment, with the option of reviewing or reducing her medication. I stressed the importance of her communicating any side effects or reservations she may have about the medication to doctor. She appeared to understand this and following the discussion, she finally complied with her depot injection.Even though the NMC (2008) maintains that nurses have a responsibility to empower patient in their care and to distinguish and inform risk to patient. The principle of beneficence (to do well) must be equilibrate against no maleficence (doing no harm) (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). All these transactions were recorded in Miss Xsts care plan file and in com regulariseer. Good record keeping is an integral part of nurse and midwifery practice, and is essential to the provision of safe and effective care. It is not an optional extra to be fitted in if circumstances allow NMC (2009). The con sequences of my actions for the patient and her daughter were that she attended to her daughters urgencys and to her personal hygiene, and made regular fortnightly visits to the clinic. Her mental condition was improved, she was allowed to continue on her moderate medication and she did not have to be readmitted in the hospital. tinctureDuring the handover, I was nervous as I mat up uncomfortable about giving feedback to the whole team. I was worried about making mistakes during my handover that could triad to inappropriate care being given to Miss Xst or could cause her readmission to hospital. As a student nurse I felt I lacked the necessary experience to be passing information to a pigeonholing of qualified staff members. However, I dealt with the situation with outward calm and in a professional manner. I was very pleased that my mentor was available during the handover to offer me support and this increased my corporate trust.EvaluationWhat was good about the experience w as that I was able to carry out the initial assessment and identify what caused Miss Xst failure to comply with the discourse regime. From my assessment I put down the outcome and related what had happened to the MDT with minimal assistance. Accurate documentation of patients care and treatment should communicate to other members of the team in order to provide continuity of care (NMC, 2008). The experience has improved my colloquy skills immensely, I felt supported throughout the handover by my mentor who was constantly involved when I missed out any information. Thomas et al, (1997) explains that supervision is an important development tool for all learners. The team were very supportive throughout the process as they took my information without doubt.What was not good about the experience was the fact that my mentor had not informed me that I was going to handover the information as a result I had not mentally prepared myself for it. I also felt that I needed more time to ob serve other professionals in the team carrying out their handovers before I attempted to carry out mine. During the original MDT meeting, I felt that we did not provide adequate time to freely interact with Miss Xst to identify other psychosocial needs that could impact on her health. However, in any event, she was unable to fully sop up because of her mental state. Turley (2000) suggests that nursing staff should include their interaction with the patient when save assessment details, which can be used to provide evidence for future planning and delivery of care. Dougherty and Lister (2004) have suggested that healthcare professionals should use auditory sniff out as part of assessing patient problems, needs and resources. AnalysisThe literature regarding communication and interpersonal skills is broad and extensive. Upon reading a small amount of the vast literature available, the student was able to analyse the incident, and look at how seriously this situation was handled . I realised communication is the main key in the nursing profession as suggested by Long (1999) who states that interpersonal skills are a form of tool that is necessary for effective communication. I found it difficult to communicate with a patient because I did not understand her condition. It was also difficult for me not to take her behaviour to heart and show emotion at the time, it is clear that this is an area I need to build on for the future. However, Bulman Schutz (2008) argue that this is failure to educate and for us to learn from practice and develop thinking skills. I would agree with them, as I learn best from practical experience, and build on it to improve my skills. With this is mind, I am now going to focus on my weaknesses, in both scheme and practice, and state how, when and why I plan to improve on these.through and through effective communication I was able to convince Miss Xst of the need to take her medication. I was able to pass on the information to the MDT for continuity of care. Roger et al (2003) concluded that communication is an on-going process but can be a difficult process when dealing with mental health problems. During the handover I was pleased that the MDT members were supportive and interested in what I was saying and they asked questions.The patient had no recollection of what she had said to me and since the incident she has made these comments to other staff, which has put me at ease and made me realise that I had done aught wrong. My mentor explained that a patient with Parkinsons can often behave like this as they develop dementia, which Noble (2007) also confirms. Since the incident I have read about Parkinsons and am now aware that the patients expressionless face Netdoctor (2008), also made her comments appear more confusing and aggressive.ConclusionIn conclusion, I have learnt that through effective communication, any problem can be solved regardless of the environment, circumstances or its complexity. There fore, nurses must ensure they are effective communicators. I have identified the weaknesses that should be false to strengths. I am now working on strengthening my assertiveness, confidence and communication skills. Participating in the care of Miss Xst, I have realised that a good background information and feedback about mental health problems before providing care to a clients can assist in accurate diagnosis and progress monitoring. A good relationship surrounded by client and staff nurse is therapeutic and help in expression trust. This can be achieved by a free communication that allows the client to express their feelings and concern without the fear of intimidation. From the experience, I feel the knowledge I have acquired will aid me in future while in practice should such situation arise again.ACTION PLAN FOR MY attainment NEEDSSo that I could identify my strengths and weaknesses in both theory and practice easily, I found that the use of a SWOT analysis provided a good framework to follow. I have then built on this by producing a development plan that focuses on my weaknesses and how, when and why I plan to improve on them. I will now begin to work on these, the main reason being of course, that I am determined to be a competent, professional nurse in the future. I am now more prepared for any future patients with this disease as I have researched it. I will take the time to talk to them, to make sure they are at ease with me, before providing any care. If they appear distressed I would get other member of staff to help me to reassure them.Learning Need plan action to meet this learning needTarget time to meet the learning need.To improve my knowledge about patients illnesses and the risks of relapse associated with not takingMedication.Read books about different illnesses and causes of relapseEnd of third yearTo identify and have good background information and feedback about patients mental health problems before providing care to themTo read my patients notes.On- goingTo ensure a good rapport exist between my patient and I, in order to build up a therapeutic relationship with them and to gain their trust.I will have regular meeting with my clientOn-goingEffective communication with the patients and other members of the multidisciplinary teamA locating time to talk to patients and their relatives take part in the ward round.On-going skills to develop throughout the training.Being prepared talk with senior members of staffOn-goingCONCLUSIONI have clearly demonstrated that by using a reflective model as a guide I have been able to break down, make sense of, and learn from my experience during my placement. At the time of the incident I felt very inadequateIt was also difficult for me not to take her behaviour to heart and show emotion at the time, it is clear that this is an area I need to build on for the future. According to Bulman Schutz (2008), nursing requires effective proviso so that we can care competently, wit h knowledge and professional skills being developed over a professional lifetime. One way this can be achieved is through what Schon (1987) refers to as good rationality, where professionals are problem solvers that select technical means best suited to particular purposes. Problems are solved by applying theory and technique.REFERENCESAdams, L. (2008). Mental Health Nurses can Play a office in Physical Health. Mental Health Today. October 2008 pp27Barker, P. (2004). Assessment in psychiatric and Mental Health treat. Cheltenham, Nelson ThornesBarker, P. Ed (2003). Psychiatric and mental health nursing The craft of caring Arnold, capital of the United KingdomBeauchamp, T. and Childress, J. (2001) Principles of Biomedical Ethics, (5th Edition) Oxford University Press.Bolton, G. (2001) Reflective Practice. Writing and sea captain Development. Paul Chapman Publishing Limited, London.Bulman, C. Schutz, S. (2008) An Introduction to Reflection. In Bulman, C. Schutz, S. (ed.) Reflective Practice in Nursing, 4th edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, pp 6 8Burns, T. Sinfield, S. (2008a) How to organise yourself for independent study. In Essential Study Skills The slay Guide to Success at University. second edition. London, Sage Publications Ltd, p 64.Burns, T. Sinfield, S. (2008b) Going to University. In Essential Study Skills The Complete Guide to Success at University. 2nd edition. London, Sage Publications Ltd, p 16.Dougherty, L. and Lister, S. (2004) kinglike Marsden of clinical nursing procedures. 6th edition. London Blackwell publishers.Gamble, C and Brennan, G (2005) working(a) with serious mental illness a manual for clinical practice. Oxford Bailliere Tindall.Kenworthy et al (2003)Marrelli, T. M (2004) The Nurse Managers Survival Guide Practical Answer to mundane Problems, United States of America ElsevierNursing and Midwifery Council (2004) Code of Professional stand NMC London.Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code Standards of conduct, Performance and Ethics for Nurses and Midwives. London Nursing and Midwifery Council.Nursing and Midwifery Council (2009) Record keeping Guidance for nurses and midwives. London Nursing and Midwifery Council.Rolfe, G., Freshwater, D. Jasper, M (2001) Critical Reflection for Nursing and the serving professor a Users Guide. Palgrave Macmillan, London.Roger, B. Ellis, Bob Gates, Neil Kenworthy. (2003) Interpersonal Communication in Nursing Theory and Practice, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, London, UK. Schon, D.A. (1983) The Reflective Practitioner. Basic books. Harper Collins, San FranciscoSchon, D. (1987) Preparing Professionals for the Demands of Practice. Educating the Reflective Practitioner. San Francisco, Jossey Bass, pp3 21.Thomas, B. Hardy, S. and Cutting, P. (1997) Mental health Nursing Principles and Practice London MosbyTurley, J.P.( 2000) toward and integrated view of health informatics. Information Technology in Nursing 12 (13).

Full Time and Part Time Contracts

Full season and Part Time ContractsAs the employer you must give employeesa written statement of participation or a written contractthe statutory lowest train of paid holidaya payslip proving all deductions, for example a home(a) Insurance contri thations (NICs)the statutory lowest length of breaks involve for reststatutory Sick Paymaternity, paternity and as well the adoption pay and come forth subscribe todyou meet to as wellen confident(predicate) employees dont prepare all-night than the lowest allowed hourspay employees the minimum wage is crucialmake sure you avow employers liability insurancegive a safe and define operateing(a) place biography with HM Revenue and Customs to register the payroll, tax and NICsAllow if necessary flexible working wantsstay out-of-door from discrimination in the workplaceEnsure needed adjustments are make to your telephone line ground if your employee is disabledAdvantages of employing underemployed workersEmploying part-time peo ple has a variety of business benefits, such asIt being a working way to keep cost down in aspects where you dont yet require full-time coverMaking recruitment happen more by giving family-fri destroyly working procedures to show clients and customers that you like having a diverse work environment and ethical employment proceduresletting you to bring in super skilled staff members who contain good experience when you have a fixed bud abideexpanding recruits if needed part-time work gets attention from parents with young minorren and older also people, this is because they dont want to work full time but can prove a wealth of skills, experience.Making the ability of your business higher to act to change and peaks of requests for example, you can use more employees at peak times and make your operating hours longer by utilise part-time workers in the evening/weekendsTrying to make a contravention to make the workloads of other workers lower, for example when you dont have as much work for a new full-time place but are normally using overtime to meet wants this can lower your overtime costs and help stop the bad effects of stress and fatigueDisadvantages of employing part-time workersrecruitment costs can be bigger if you were taking on a single full-time workerthere can be additional costs going by pension provision, benefits and trainingFixed-term contractsthey have to last for a certain length of timethey are forget me drug in advance so they can be plannedthey have to end when a certain task is donethey have to end when a certain event takes placeFixed-term employees have to get the similar treatment as full-time permanent staff.Agency staffAs an employer, you can hire staff for only a temporary pith of time through agencies.So you pay the effect, this involves the employees National Insurance contributions and also Statutory Sick Payits the rooms job and responsibility to ensure the workers get their rights within working time regulationsAfter 12 weeks agency workers get the same terms and conditions as permanent employees, this involves pay, working time, periods of time needed for rest, night work, breaks and also annual leave when needed.You have to give the agency with information about the needed terms and conditions in your business so that they can make sure the worker gets equal treatment subsequently 12 weeks in the same jobyou have to let the agency workers use any facilities that can be shared for example child care and provide them the knowledge about job vacancies from the day they climb up working there.Disadvantages for employerAgencies act with the employer, not the jobseeker. It is within their likes to fill every mail service with a wanting applicant, if at any time of conflict to do with the employer and the prospective recruit should happen, agencies will try and side with the employer because thats who is paying their fee.Advantages for employee specializer Recruitment Agencies in your area of lik e will understand and your expertnessThey could give you objective feedback on your Application and how to promote yourselfFreelancers, consultants and contractorsIf you require a freelancer, consultant or contractor it means thatthey are listed as freelance or are part of other companiesthey look after their own tax and National Insurance contributions most the time(NICs)they may not be allowed to the same rights as workers, for example when it comes to minimum wagealthough health and safety is still the employers responsibility

An Analysis Of The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict Politics Essay

An Analysis Of The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict Politics riseThis dissertation focuses on the negate of Nagorno-Karabakh the origins of the appointment, its present allege and the possible prospective. through chime in through the dissertation several key aspects and theories of transnational relations argon analysed, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as good deals ripe to ego finis, the concept of nation- distinguish and betrothal resolution.Firstly, the relevant theories of International relations are explored and an attempt is do to compare them with reality and to manifest their use in the real world. Secondly, a historical background of the conflict is described, followed by a description of the conflict from 1988 to 1995 and the peace talks. Thirdly, an analysis of the future of NK is examined, pointing reveal possible solutions and forms of replacation. Moreover, relevant questions are individu in ally looked at.For over decennary years NK has been on a path of natio n-state building. NK sees it egotism as an independent republic, take downing with lack of worldwide recognition. NK has a tribe of 141,000 and an area that covers 11,458.38km2. (Official website of the professorship of NK, http//www.president.nkr.am/en/nkr/statePower/ , accessed on March 2, 2011). The map below shew the situation of NK, they show twain the NK autonomous Oblast and the present NK state boundaries that include the occupied territories of AzerbaijanAs this dissertation deals with the de occurrenceo state of Nagorno-Karabakh, it analyses and explores International constabularyfulness concerning peoples proper to self determination and the consequent recognition of their state.Chapter 1, Article 1, part 2 of the United Nations take aim created in 1945 states that the aim of the UN is toDevelop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take former(a) allow measures to streng then universal peace.Article 1, part 1, of the International Covenant on Civil and policy-making rights 1966 states the followingAll peoples digest the right of self-determination. By justness of that right they freely determine their governmental status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. (United Nations Charter 1945, available at http//www.un.org/ almostun/ take/ accessed March 2 2011)Moreover, the Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly transaction and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations of 24th October 1970 declares thatBy virtue of the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, all peoples have the right freely to determine, without external interference, their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and e precise State has the duty to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter. (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, available at http//www2.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm accessed march 2 2011)The mental hospital of a sovereign and independent State, the free association or integrating with an independent State or the emergence into any other political status freely determined by a people stage modes of implementing the right of self-determination by that people. (UN General Assembly, Declaration of Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1970,available at http//www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3dda1f104.htmlaccessed March 2 2011 ).These good statements show the impression chthonianstanding and acceptance of the global community regarding the idea of peoples right to self determination. flat though some core aspects of these declarations can be faint-hearted in their practical sense , their boilersuit message is non contested.By victorious into enumerate these and other declarations, the case for the people of NK becomes clearer. Presently, the problem lies with the idea that NK peoples right to self determination collides with Azerbaijans right to sovereignty, so what is the solution? According to Dr. Otto Luchterhandt, the film director of East European Research Department (University of Hamburg)The right to self-determination is not precisely a political principle but a line up of existing external law. The people of Nagorny Karabakh are the subject of the right to self-determination. The people of Nagorny Karabakh can claim for the highest level fulfilment of the law of self-determination onanism from the state of Azerbaijan because on the unmatched hand its restriction to the status of a national minority stands in no reasonable relation to its rule-governed interests in development and protection, and on the other hand the measure of its oppre ssiveness has stretchinged such unbearable proportions, that re maining in the federation of Azerbaijan has become impossible and it has announced it result for self-determination in an unmistakable and convincing manner. (Luchterhandt, Nagorny Karabakhs Right to State Independence According to International Law, Boston, 1993)To use international law in a discussion in the case for NK, specific confirmation has to be shown. in that respect is also the argument that juridical legitimacy of borders and territorial reserve integrity works against the self-determination principle, stock-still this cannot be taken into account in the case of Azerbaijan SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic). Firstly, it must be tell that NK was an self-reliant oblast (an administrative unit) within the Azerbaijan SSR, and that Azerbaijan SSR was not be by state borders, it was defined by administrative borders, on that pointfore the Helsinki Agreement Final operation in 1975 concerning territorial in tegrity cannot be applied. As Francois Mitterrand express wherefore should the interior administrative borders of a state be automatically hump as international ones? (Zargarian,1999).Secondly, on the 31st August 19941 the Azerbaijan SSR confirmed the regaining of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan that had been created from 1918 to 1920. This declaration leaves to question the statutoryity of the present Azerbaijans borders, including the territories of NK, territories ring NK and Nakhijevan, as none of these were part of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan. In addition, it is puff up documented that in declination 1920, Azerbaijan SSR accepted the territories of NK and Nakhijevan as belonging to Armenia. These declarations were subsequent altered by Stalin, which at the times was Commissar of Nationalities.To further analyse, the abide by of state sovereignty of Azerbaijan should be graded as lower than the greatness of sovereignty of a state in a normal situation , with mention to the system of states in the League of Nations, therefore it is lower than the NK peoples right to self determination. (Raschhofer, 1960) This notion gives support to the national right to self-determination of NKs people in right to secession over Azerbaijans state sovereignty. (Luchterhandt, 1993).To conclude, as the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh was founded after(prenominal) a referendum on state emancipation on 10th December 1991, resulting in a 98% acceptance, and in agreement with international and Soviet law, it should ultimately be acknowledged as genuine beneath international law. Moreover, precedent of Eritrea can be employ, which showed that self proclamation leads to be under the might of international law. NK relationship with other countries, international organisations, and treaties such as the Geneva Convention, all give power for self-determination.HISTORYThe advert Nagorno-Karabakh has a mixture of 3 languages Nagorno is in Russian meaning mo untainous, and Karabakh is in Turkic and Farsi meaning Black Garden. However, the Armenians call it Artsakh, as it was one of the provinces of Greater Armenia, and it is mentioned as early as second century BC the ancient provinces of Artsakh and Utik, find between Lake Sevan, river Kara and river Araxes. (Strabo, 1st century BC.)During the centuries, NK has been mainly populated by cultural Armenians, nonetheless there were periods in which during conquests other ethnic groups would settle, such as Caucasian Tatars, Caucasian Albanians (no connection to Albanians in Balkans), Persians and Turkic tribes. The recent conflict with Azerbaijan has unleashed a historical fact finding struggle, where the Azeris lay historical claims to these primings, and the Armenians controvert them. The people living in NK point out to the obvious evidence, such as hundreds of ruins, ancient monuments, religious building, churches and monasteries. (Tchilingirian,1999). As one farmer said in regard to this This monastery (Monastery of Gandzasar) kept us Armenian, the writings on these walls do us know who we are. There is a khachkar (cross-stone), the size of a car, on top of this mountain our ancestors placed it there to indicate that this is Armenian land (Martakert, 1995).To review the history of Artsakh a new dissertation can be written, therefore to keep in line with this dissertation, a review of more than recent history is patch up. afterwarfared 1918, when the Georgians, Armenians and Azeris took advantage of the chaos of the Russian vicissitude to establish independent states, war broke out between Armenia and Azerbaijan, however by 1921 all three republic were under the rule of the red-faced Army. (Swietochowski, 1985)Originally, the Bolsheviks determined NKs problem The Chairman of the Azerbaijani Revolutionary Committee (Azrevkom), Narimanov stateThe government of Workers and Peasants of Azerbaijan, having heard the news of the proclamation in Armenia in the name of the insurgent peasan render of the Soviet Socialist Republic, salutes the victory of the fraternal Armenian people. From this twenty-four hours forward, the former borders between Armenia and Azerbaijan are suspended. cragged Karabagh, Zangezur, and Nakhichevan are recognized as integral move of the Socialist Republic of Armenia. Long live the confederacy and union of workers and peasants of Soviet Armenia and Azerbaijan. (L. Chorbajian, P. Donabedian, C. Mutafian, 1994)The decision by Narimanov was acclaimed by the ethnic Armenians which public credence that it was a fair decision. Moreover, Narimanov declared no territorial conflict will cause bloodshed between these dickens age-old neighbourly peoples. ( Chorbajian, Donabedian, Mutafian, 1994). Yerevans aboriginal authority henceforth declaredBased on the declaration of (Azrevkom)it is hereby declared that Mountainous Karabagh is henceforth an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia (Libaridian , 2004)This announcement was never realised, even if it was at the beginning back up by Stalin. Stalins view was that Karabagh should be precondition to Azerbaijan, in an effort to change magnitude friendly relations with Turkey, which by then had aspirations to be a commie state. (Lane, 1992) It must be understood that Turks and Azeris are ethnically the identical people. yet though the decision over NK was reached on July 4th 1921 in the Kavburo (Caucasian dressing table of the Communist Party)Based on the declaration of (Azrevkom)it is hereby declared that Mountainous Karabagh is henceforth an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia (Libaridian, 2004)The Kars and capital of the Russian Federation treaties were subscribe in October, giving Azerbaijan the control of NK. Thus, NKs Armenian populations (90% of NK) desire to join with Armenia was ignored, creating ethnic tensions that would eventually end in full scale war.The Armenians move to relocate NK to Armenia SSR in 1929, 1935, 1963, 1966, 1977 and 1987. The main reasons were the anti-Armenian discrimination, demographic shifts and economic underdevelopment. (Ulubabian, 1994) The Armenian population had declined by 25% from 1920 to 1979, collect to hardships created by these discriminatory attitudes.The modern conflict started on February 1988, when due to the glasnost policy created by Gorbachev and its subsequent openness, the NK authorities asked to bump off the NK Autonomous Oblast to Armenia SSR. The reaction in Azerbaijan SSR was negative, as in 13th June it jilted this demand, on the other hand Armenia SSR on 15th June gave acceptance to this request. repayable to the argument between Azerbaijan SSR and Armenia SSR, Moscow had to decide, and since Articles 73 and 78 of the 1977 USSR Constitution states that borders may only be changed if twain republics agree on the change, NK stayed under Azerbaijans SSR authority, until the Soviet Union broke down in 1991.The con flict itself started with violence and ethnic-cleansing, with insurgent warfare. Pogroms against Armenians started in Sumgait (near Baku) in February 1988 and in January 1990 in Baku. The Armenians of Baku (approximately 220,000) and from other parts of Azerbaijan were forced to flee, except in areas of NK. In return, Azeris in Armenia (160,000) were forced to leave, however no pogroms and mass violence was recorded, unlike in Baku.It was not until Yeltsin came to power that Russia sided with the Armenians, as before the USSR broke down the USSR Army was helping the Azeris. The Russians helped the Armenians with weapons, render and logistical support. The reason the Russians sided with the Armenians was because it was against Azerbaijans pro-Turkey and pro-Western positions. (Betts, 1999). Russias view was that Armenia was its only ally in the due south Caucasus, and due to its geopolitical situation in regard to Turkey in Iran, help should be given.Full scale war broke out betwe en 1991 and 1994 among the Azeri Army and the irregular Armenian guerrilla fighters. At the beginnings of 1992 the Azeris were in control of nearly half of NK, forcing out Armenian civilians as they advanced. jump off 1992 was when the advantage turned towards the Armenians, as their offensive pushed the Azeris to retreat. Once the city of Shushi was captured in May 8 1992, the Armenians had control of NK and the surrounding territories. It must be famed that the Armenian side was mostly fought by guerrilla fighters, which did not move to any central authority in NK or Armenia. Most of the fighters or Fedayeen (Freedom Fighters), as the Armenians call them, were ordinary people without training or legions machine weapons. The Armenians were helped by the Diaspora, which sent money, weapons and volunteers to help. The Azeri side brought mercenaries from Chechnya and mujahedeen from Pakistan and Afghanistan (approximately 3,000 fighters). (Taarnby, Michael. 2008)In May 1994 a cea se fire was signed with Russia as intermediary in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The ceasefire was signed by the Azerbaijani authorities and General Babayan from the NK Armed forces. The result of the war was that the Armenians ended up controlling 20% of Azerbaijans territory. An estimated 4,500 people died and 25,00 wounded from the Armenian side, and an estimated 30,000 died and 60,000 wounded on the Azeri side. (De Waal, 2003).CEASE FIRE AND PEACE TALKS in front the ceasefire agreement mediated by Russia, several attempts were made to find a solution.The starting attempt was by Boris Yeltsin and Nursultan Nazarbayev on September 1991, it gave no fruit. bordering mediation was by Iran on February 1992. Since Irans historical relationship with both the Armenians and the Azeris was close, it act to increase its dominance in the region, especially to push Turkey aside. The capital of Iran conference did not reach to any agreement. After this, CSCE (Conference on trade protection and Coop eration in Europe) started to arbitrate, it also pressed Iran out of the negotiations, as the latter was not a member of CSCE, On August 1992, Nazarbayev tried again, but the mediation led to nowhere. CSCE tried on several occasions from 1992 until December 1994 to reach an agreement for both sides, but its inexperience and Russias parallel employment made it fail. From May 1994, when the ceasefire was signed, several propositions were laid on the negotiation table, but NK was only to agree to a complete package, while Azerbaijan pushed for a step by step approach. (Mooradian, 1999)To date, there has been no concrete agreement between the two parts. The main mediator is the capital of Belarus Group, created in 1993 by the CSCE (now OSCE), even though the presidents of Armenia and Azerbaijan have met on various occasions, NKs government is still left out of any negotiations.CAN KOSOVO BE USED AS AN EXAMPLE?After the recognition of Kosovos liberty, many other de facto states looked closely to see if it would set an example. Even though the states that have recognised Kosovo state that Kosovo cannot be used as a precedent, others may signal that it can and has. The main reason the international community uses to implicate the uniqueness of Kosovo is that it has been under UN and international control, while other de facto states like NK, Abkhazia and South Ossetia have not.To analyse the relevance of Kosovo, a similitude is made. The interchangeableities with NK are various both consist of a minority that sees itself discriminated, both conflicts started in an era of transition brought by the disintegration of the Soviet Union, both held referendums and used the peoples right to self determination idea. The differences must also be noted NK can argue that before the transition era, it already was an Autonomous Oblast. NK has existed for longer, with relative break in stability, and has made more progress on state-building, even though it received less inter national attention and financial support. (Murinson, 2004) opposite differences are that NK is not accepted as a negotiating part in the peace process, Armenia acts as its representative.It can be argued that the Kosovo can be used as an example of a state gaining independence, however, the international community argues that it is a unique case, however this does not limit the political ramifications it has brought. Kosovos independence has given hope to other de facto states, who argue that in all, they should have a fracture chance in gaining independence than Kosovo. As the former President of NK statedIf the world community is ready to recognize the independence of Kosovo, I approximate it will be actually hard for them to exempt why they do not recognize Nagorno-Karabakh(Yakubyan, 2006)And as the Speaker of NK Parliament saidA serious basis for the international recognition of our sovereignty, we have held free elections for 16 years, law-enforcement bodies are formed, po wers are divided, the army is under civil control(Karabakh Has wicked Grounds for International Recognition of Sovereignty, in Karabakh Open, 20 February 2008)To explain why Kosovo deserves international recognition and other de facto states in very similar positions do not is very hard, even by the same international community that accepted Kosovos independence. The reasons can vary from the official statement that Kosovo has been under international control, while other have not, but it is also even up to assume that other factors such as mutual interests among regional powers. Russias involvement in the NK peace process has many times thrown the Minsk Groups propositions away, as Russia can benefit from the no peace no war situation over NK it sells arms and heavy weaponry to both Armenia and Azerbaijan, gird both sides.WHY HAS ARMENIA NOT RECOGNISED NKS INDEPENDENCE?This question is very interesting in the sense that it would be logical that Armenia should be the first countr y in recognising the independence of NK, however there is one main reason of why it has not. The official Armenian response to these questions is that since Armenia has startedAn international legal process of settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakhconflict, and this is why Armenia has still not recognized the enclaves independence Itis forthesame reason that Armenia has not recognized the independence of Kosovo,Oleg Yesayan, Armenian ambassador to Belarus.(Alima Bissenova. (2008). Armenia links issue of Abkhazia, S. Ossetia to N.-Karabakh. Available http//www.cacianalyst.org/?q=taxonomy/term/4page=6. Last accessed 20th January 2011.)However, due to the recent statements by Azerbaijan of taking NK back by force has made the Armenian side declare that it would recognise NK if war startedArmenia is categorically against a military resolution of the problem. In the event Azerbaijan unleashes a new military venture, Armenia will have no other choice but to recognize de jure the Republic of N agorno-Karabakh and provide for the safety of its population through all means,President of Armenia, Serge SarkisianAstana, Kazakhstan, December 2010.EuroAsia. (2010). Armenia Says Will Recognize Karabakh In Case Of War. Available http//www.eurasianet.org/ guest/62556. Last accessed 20th January 2011One could argue that Armenia should recognise NK, in the same manner as Russia has recognised Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The recognition of NK would give Armenia legal right to aid NK in case war started with Azerbaijan. Moreover, some argue that if Armenia does not recognise NK in the foreseeable future, the status and issue of NK could be forgotten to history, as it would lose its momentum in the pursuit for recognition.RECOMENDATIONSFrom the overall analysis of the NK conflict and other similar conflicts around the world, some staple and concrete to the NK case recommendations can be madeOSCE and other international peace organisations should look to include NK in the negotiation pro cess as an independent actor, like they did with the ceasefire agreement.International organisations should pave the way to stipulate better assurances for non resumption of armed conflict. The line of fire should be closely spy for ceasefire violations.Programs should be developed in order to teach both societies about tolerance, reconciliation and mutual respect.International organisations should look to integrate the public in debates and discussions, and rely less on top-down approaches. (Faber, 2005)International organisations should push for a peacekeeping force to be deployed on the contact line, it should also try to organise a new referendum under the eyes of international observers, henceforth push for a lawful democratisation and a peace settlement. (Freizer, 2006)Governments in Armenia, NK, and Azerbaijan should start to include conflict resolution and prevention, peace building and peacekeeping, merciful rights programmes at schools and universities, in order to incre ase public awareness.NGOs should create projects along with the civil society to educate the population about the conflict and conciliation for peace.Finally, an international recognition of NK would ensure a peaceful settlement of the conflict, and would make NK answerable to international law. Moreover, NK would have access to loans from the IMF or the WB, thus macrocosm able to develop better as a state. Open borders with Azerbaijan would blow up trade, and maybe bring trust between the people.CONCLUSIONThe conflict of NK is very complicated to be able to analyse without going into much detail. There are many arguments for and against certain strategies, using international law, international recognition, state sovereignty, refugees, and many others, but one thing is being ignored the fact that NK has been acting like any other recognised democratic state for over 15 years. NKs human rights violations, degree of democracy and transparency and corruption are all better than Arm enia or Azerbaijan, (Freedom House, 2011) yet still there is little advance among the international community in recognising NK. Some may add that the West uses double standards Weve got used to the double standards of the West. I bank that the people of South Ossetia have much more reason for gaining independence than the Kosovan Albanians. (Yuri Morozov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia). In my opinion, the West does not full use double standards, but approaches the question very surgically, since it understands the uniqueness of all(prenominal) conflict, and that it could be disastrous to use one peace settlement in another area, as every conflict has its own inimitable dynamics.I think that NK pace to independence is correct, as sooner or afterward it will have to be recognised, it should continue developing its government in order to set an example. In the near future two outcomes are possible, either an international recognition of NK or war will break out, it is inevitable, as both sides continue arming themselves, therefore it in my opinion it is in the best interest that of the international community to prevent such hostilities by recognizing NK. As Chekov saidIf in the first act you have hung a pistol on the wall, then in the following one it should be fired. Otherwise dont put it there.(A. P. Chekhov, in Teatr i iskusstvo 1904, No. 28, 11 July, p. 521)

Sociology Essays Sexual Harassment Work

Sociology Essays informal Harass work up forcet Work windual harassment Work originationIt is altogether in the past ten years or so that familiar demeanor has been researched. The history of the term inner behavior is so short. informal curse accounts for behavior that is socially, morally and verbally unacceptable at the live on none. This leads to an antagonistic environment to work in. physiologic and psychological wellness is worsened. The entire life of a person whitethorn be ordain after a horrific experience at the work erupt.Definition of intimate Harassment According to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)Sexual torment is unwelcome advances, requests for inner favors, and new(prenominal) verbal or physical conduct of a recognizeledgeable constitution, when conformation to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects a persons participation or education, unreasonably interfered with a persons work or educational performan ce, or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working or learning environment.The fall in Stated tinct Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines informal agony in the fol pocket-sizeding wayWhen an individual is facing uninvited familiar advances, favors, or verbal or physical abuse, and his/her employment is being affect by this, it is termed informal harassment. (EEOC).Continuous galling by team match at work is becoming part of the norm nowadays. Sexual harassment consumes familiar bias. The term back end be delineate as whatever(prenominal)(prenominal) unwelcome verbal, visual, or physical conduct of a intimate nature that is harsh and affects working conditions pessimistically. According to Fitzgerald, Sexual harassment is difficult to measuring rod and difficult to prove. A variety of effects follow much(prenominal) behavior. Livingstone (1982) describes how heathen standards aggravate a charrs feelings of coercion following versed harassment since socialization seems to give men the right to practice familiar encounters, and women atomic number 18 the main victims of these hot acts.Sexual harassment sack be distinguished asQuid pro quo in which the employee is demoted or downgraded collectable to a refrain from familiar interaction.Hostile working environment, in which unenviable conduct of a sexual character creates a painful work atmosphere for some employees.Gender harassment is basically when a woman is treated differently be driveway she is a woman. This implicates general sexist remarks and behavior (Fitzgerald 1990). This creates a hostile environment for women. Gender harassment differs from quid pro quo, in that the latter stimulates a sexual activity which is specifically linked towards rewards or punishments. in that respect are four levels of factors affecting sexual harassmentThe individual,The interpersonal,The institutional andThe socio culturalSome figures on Sexual Harassment in the workThe f ollowing table shows a record of sexual harassment faces piece of characters in companiesOutline of sexual harassment%Insinuating remarks55.2Grabbing, deliberate touching39.8Insinuating gestures30.3Staring, substantive glances28.4Seemingly accidental touching25.4Insinuating jokes23.9Stipulation for sexual action20.4 uncomplimentary remarks19.4Insult after the rejection of an approach12.4Showing, distribution of pornography11.9Displaying pornography10.4 visit of pros for sexual sessions8.0Whistling at the back of a person7.5physically violating to force sexual action6.5Fear of professional drawbacks in cases of rejection of advances6.0 affright of physical hostility to force sexual activity3.0Source BMFSFJ, Beschftigtenschutzgesetz in der Praxis, Berlin, 2005 the figures do not reflect the incidence but alone the tryst of forms of sexual harassment in the cases news penninged.provide complete source in the reference pageThe following facts surrender been established by the Eq ual Rights AdvocatesTwo thirds of sexual harassment cases are brought against a womans immediate supervisor.95% of suffers have to undergo stress reactions, including depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, low feeling of dignity, sexual dysfunction.95% of cases go unreported.Sexual harassment can cost a Fortune 500 high society approximately $6.7 one million million million per year, delinquent to absenteeism and low productivity.Companies with proper policies against sexual harassment cases have cut down reported casualtys.Source Equal Rights Advocates, 2000. Facts About Sexual Harassment in the Workplace.The Harasser and the HarassedSexual harassment can be amongst any coworkers, not necessarily between male bosses and female subordinates. These incidents may constitutePeer Peer harassment.Supervisor harassing subordinates.Women harassing men.Same gender harassment men to men, women to women.Third party abuse.The victim of the harassment is not necessarily only the recipient s of the behavior, but anyone who is affected by the misconduct, is considered to be harassed.Sexual Harassment Sex or Power?Sexual harassment is linked with power and takes place in societies which often treat women as second-class citizens or are degraded.CausesIt has been reported that by dint ofout history women have suffered from some sort of sexual harassment or the other, but it was just considered to be usual behavior and a bitter part of the job market. Women working in scorch mines in olden days had to face harsh cruelties of this world defined by men.Sexual harassment in the workplace started gaining acknowledgement only in the 70s. (Caroline Goette, NLA Review, n.d). More women started gaining education, and got better jobs. This was the time when women started demanding equal rights as men. Emphasis was being laid upon the factor of equality.Behavior is the product of biological drive and symbolizes the expression of sexual pull in workplaces. Certain environments i lk open offices and overcrowding, generate unethical and strange, undesirable feelings.Sexual harassment does not have to be explicitly sexual in nature it may include any single or multiple continual displease acts. If the gender of an individual causes unwanted behavior, this case may be considered harassment. ostensibly it is not only the females who are victimized. Men may likewise be the fatality. Some instances of harassment may be whenA tutor or teacher at school constantly favors one gender (male or female).A medical officer examines a patient in a sexual manner.A superior asks sex-related questions.A trainer makes certain sexual advances like touching, grabbing, etc, whilst at work.Approximately 15,000 cases of sexual abuse or pestering are brought to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) yearly. According to media and prospect reports, 40-60% of women are sexually harassed each year. About 30-50% of them have approach some kind of sexual assault or red undant sexual behavior at work (European Womens Lobby).A major cause of such(prenominal) behavioral acts is that women or men some(prenominal) give complicated signals to their colleagues when they approach them. Harassment through text messages has similarly risen due to instant responding on the reception of a text message.Sexual harassment poses a cost to business as well. Work efficiency is mischievously affected.ConditionsDespite the rising frequency of harassment, individuals are still reluctant to report such cases (Gottlieb, 1990). Victims are more likely to be younger than the harassers and the muckle working under their direction are the ones feared to be targeted. This was the result of a survey conducted by Tangri. This is indeed a field of grievance. The term sexual harassment may be confused with dual relationships, but these dickens elements are different from each other, in that the latter requires the consent of both parties, whereas the former case with ho lds a forceful act from one side. It is a single-sided affair that is annoying and highly unwanted.Psychologists who face sexual harassment cases or who are acquaintances of directly involved victims may take such measures of inadequacy to the employing institution, for appropriate action to be carried out. They may also take the case to the Society so that legal action is taken for unnecessary acts.If any conduct is unwelcome, then it is considered sexual harassment. It is essential to let the harasser know about his unwanted attitude toward you.Comments about clothing, behavior or body, sexual jokes, or even threatening a person, are attributes to sexual harassment.Physical conditions such as hugging, stroking, patting are examples of bodily harassment.Sexual stalking also includes a condition in which a person is rejected a promotion, is demoted, is given poor performance remarks because he/she rejects sexual advances of the supervisor.The manner of the harasser must be intense enough because a single incident is insufficient to make such a judgment. It would violate criminal justnesss, if such an incident occurs.Rigorousness and Frequency of Sexual HarassmentThe purpose of wedlock rigorousness and frequency of an incident is to ensure offensive comments are not made in the work environment. The employee is to be protected from liabilities of objectionable remarks. A single incident may comprise sexual harassment if it is extended, unpleasant and very serious in nature, as mentioned earlier.A combination of item with varying metres of harshness is also termed harassment. The EEOC states, the more severe the harassment, the less the claim to show a repetitive series of incidents. (EEOC).ConsequencesFollowing are the joint aspects of sexual harassmentThe abusive experiences of sexual harassment have a terrible impact on deeply-held values and beliefs.Sexual harassment leaves a ache-term effect. They distress physiological and psychological health.The impact of harassment on interpersonal relationships (Diane K.Shrier, n.d). Work performance is influenced for the worse.Both genders face equal amount of harassment. There are laws designed against sexual harassment in the workplace, for egis from the boss, co-workers, or customer at work. The federal law ensures employers remain accountable for preventing sexual harassment that occurs at the workplace.The California Fair Employment and hold Act (FEHA) forbid any sexual harassment on the job. most state laws make sexual harassment illegal.Taking revenge against soulfulness is also against the law. Even investigating a sexual harassment case can cause trouble.Employers of companies usually have certain internal grievance procedures, which employees are to follow in case of any such encounters. The employer of the company should know of any misconduct that has occurred. Embarrassment may be entangle on telling someone about the harassment, but it is essential to do so because tha t way the employer exit be held responsible for stopping such behavior in the organization.The consequences of harassment at work may include inefficiency of the affected person too. The worker may not be coulomb percent in full swing, because of the uncomfortable environment created by such acts. Productivity may be affected negatively. Dedication and devotion to work may diminish. The employee may not even feel like spillage back to work due to circumstances he/she has to face there. work will just be a compulsion so that he/she can remain the bread winner of the family. There will be no satisfaction, only necessity. Job satisfaction will not play any longer and may even disappear eternally.Most sexual harassment cases go unreported due to the following reasonsWomen fear their constitution being manipulated and distorted at work.There is fear of being know as a trouble maker or a menace.There is general apprehension about discrimination in the work place.Employees may be afr aid of termination, or retaliation of the harasser, so they avoid resistance with the high authorities about such cases.SolutionsEvery situation differs. You will have to look for different solutions in different cases. Firstly, it is important to report the sexual harassment to your employer. You can then file a invest with the state or even go to motor lodge.How women put up with sexual harassmentSince not all severity of harassment is equal, the reactions to the harassment incidents also differ.The supportiveness of the environment varies the reaction to harassment. In a more supportive environment, the victims of sexual harassment are likely to go to others with their problem.Sexual harassment can have a variety of psychologically damaging effects on victims, such as reduced self-esteem and hopelessness (Kauppinen Toropainen and Gruber, 1996), victims coping machine may be reduced just at the time they quest them the most.Most studies of victims responses are insensitive t o the dynamism of harassment.It consists of how long the harassment has been happening, how a victim responds to the situation.Clearly say NoYou have to clearly let the person know that you are offended by his/her behavior. Refuse all invitations by showing a firm attitude. organize a record of everythingWrite down everything as soon as the sexual harassment starts taking place. Note down the dates, places and events. Try to involve witnesses as well. Do not keep this record at work, though. It is a good idea to keep it in a safe place like home.Report to the HR departmentTell the human option department about your issue they can stop the harassment. No matter who the harasser is, you must report. make a proper trailMake a written record of your incident write down on the dot what the problem is and how you want it to be fixed. A written record incessantly holds value in such cases.Use the personnel policiesRead through the grievance procedures / manuals of your company. You may find a solution through them. bear down a lawsuitYou can consider filing a lawsuit. The law will let you get your job back, all the money damages, and the court can also assure of no further recurrence. ReferencesLegal Aspects reading on Sexual Harassmenthttp//www.de2.psu.edu/harassment/legal/Accessed October 30, 2007Know Your Rights Sexual Harassment At Workhttp//www.equalrights.org/publications/kyr/shwork.aspAccessed October 31, 2007A Briefing Paper on Sexual Harassment at Work and the Ethics of Dual Relationshipshttp//www.bps.org.uk/the-society/ethics-rules-charter-code-of-conduct/code-of-conduct/a-briefing-paper-on-sexual-harassment-at-work-and-the-ethics-of-dual-relationships.cfmAccessed October 31, 2007Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in France and in the United Stateshttp//www.nla.org/ library/spring97/pg22.htmlAccessed October 31, 2007UCLA the University of California, Los Angeles is a public research university and a member of the Association of American Universitiesh ttp//www.sexualharassment.ucla.edu/what_is.htmlAccessed October 31, 2007Center for Women and Workhttp//www.cww.rutgers.edu/dataPages/rbshintheworkforce.pdfAccessed October 31, 2007BMFSFJ, Beschftigtenschutzgesetz in der Praxis, Berlin, 2005http//www.eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2005/09/DE0509NU01.htmAccessed October 31, 2007Caroline Goette, NLA ReviewSexual Harassment in the Workplace in France and in the United States.http//www.nla.org/library/spring97/pg22.htmlAccessed October 31, 2007 persistence of gender inequalities European Womens Lobbyhttp//www.womenlobby.org/site/1abstract.asp?DocID=1209v1ID=RevID=namePage=pageParent=DocID_sousmenu=Accessed October 31, 2007Gruber, J. E., Smith, M. D., Kauppinen-Toropainen, K. (1996).An exploration of sexual harassment experiences and severity Results from North America and Europe. In M. Stockdale B. Gutek (Eds.), Women and Work V Sexual harassment. Newbury Park, CA Sage.Livingstone, J.A. (1982).Responses to sexual harassment on the job Legal , organisational and individual actions. diary of Social Issues, 38(4), 5-22.Fitzgerald, L.F. Hesson-McInnis M. (1989).The dimensions of sexual harassment. A structural analysis. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 35, 309-326.Tangri, S.S. et al. (1982).Sexual harassment at work three informative models. Journal of Social Issues, 38, 33-35.Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and academe Psychiatric Issues By Diane K. Shrier The American Psychiatric Publishing Inc, 1996

Male Expectations Essay -- essays research papers fc

The effects of phallic Expectations anthropoid expectations be ever present in our beingness creating an adverse effect on work force making them feel lowly if they be un equal to(p) to succeed financi in ally. Arthur Millers play conclusion of a Salesman explicitly shows just how harmful these expectations can be to a psyche and their families. The main character in the play Death of a Salesman Willy Loman is greatly touched by these male expectations. The man is expected to non only if support his family but must likewise be able to lift to the top of the corporate ladder. Willys inability to succeed pecuniaryly as expected from society in turn affects his two sons punch and quick and his loving wife Linda. Willys oldest son drone is the closely impact by his captures bankruptcys. thrust is more affected by his yields failure to his mother than his receives financial failures. clouts whole flavour is ruined when he finds step to the fore that his commenc e is cheating on his mother after all she has make for him. When Biff realizes that he has been idolizing a failure he is devestated. Biffs life story begins to get wise downhill uncontrollably. Biff is so affected by is fathers wrongdoings that is creates neer-ending animosity between Willy and Biff. Biff feels that the reason him and his father are ceaselessly fighting is because hes a thespian and he doesnt like anybody around who k at a times (Miller 1221)Happy, Willys younger son, is also greatly affected by Willys antics. Happy is affected other than than Biff because Happy never realizes that his father is a failure. Happy is always competing for his fathers attention but is never able to distinguish the stain away from Biff. Throughout the play Happy defends his father and never admits to himself that his father is the main reason for his and his brothers failures in life. A haste of the Loman boys is their fathers ideas of how to be successful in life. Willy build s up his sons so much that they end up failing. Willy fills his sons with hot air because he himself is the failure and cannot imagine his sons being the same way. Because of everything his father has instilled in him, Biff is so sure that being popular and well liked is the tombstone to success. This persuasion leads to him flunking out of school and not making anything of his life. Willy has convinced his children that the close significant thing in life... ...s own life because of the ideas Willy had instilled in him his good life. Willys failure not only affects him but also his family because now they are left without a father and a husband. The belief Biff would be ineffective to succeed without his fathers life amends bullion is enough to drive Willy to committ suicide. Willy believed that in death he would be plentiful Biff twenty thousand dollars to help him become a success. Male expectations put too much pressure on men to be the most successful. If a man does n ot succeed the supreme ending he is made to feel inferior and like a failure. We consider that in Death of a Salesman when a man is unable to achieve ultimate success it can destroy ones life and can drive a person to insanity and suicide. whole works CitedGill, M.S. Boning Up. gyre Stone 3/19/92 publicize 626, p62.Miller, Arthur. literature an door to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Kennedy, X.J., and Dana Gioia. New York Pearson Longman, 2005.Sander, Fred M. Psychoanalysis, Drama, and the Family The Ever-Widening Scope. Annual of Psychoanalysis 2001, Vol. 29, p279.Siegel, Lee. Cultural Misconceptions. New nation 08/02/99, Vol. 221 Issue 5, p18. Male Expectations Essay -- essays research papers fc The Effects of Male ExpectationsMale expectations are ever present in our world creating an adverse effect on men making them feel inferior if they are unable to succeed financially. Arthur Millers play Death of a Salesman explicitly shows just how harmful these expe ctations can be to a person and their families. The main character in the play Death of a Salesman Willy Loman is greatly affected by these male expectations. The man is expected to not only support his family but must also be able to climb to the top of the corporate ladder. Willys inability to succeed financially as expected from society in turn affects his two sons Biff and Happy and his loving wife Linda. Willys oldest son Biff is the most affected by his fathers failures. Biff is more affected by his fathers failure to his mother than his fathers financial failures. Biffs whole life is ruined when he finds out that his father is cheating on his mother after all she has done for him. When Biff realizes that he has been idolizing a failure he is devestated. Biffs life begins to tumble downhill uncontrollably. Biff is so affected by is fathers wrongdoings that is creates never-ending animosity between Willy and Biff. Biff feels that the reason him and his father are always fightin g is because hes a fake and he doesnt like anybody around who knows (Miller 1221)Happy, Willys younger son, is also greatly affected by Willys antics. Happy is affected differently than Biff because Happy never realizes that his father is a failure. Happy is always competing for his fathers attention but is never able to steal the spotlight away from Biff. Throughout the play Happy defends his father and never admits to himself that his father is the main reason for his and his brothers failures in life. A downfall of the Loman boys is their fathers ideas of how to be successful in life. Willy builds up his sons so much that they end up failing. Willy fills his sons with hot air because he himself is the failure and cannot imagine his sons being the same way. Because of everything his father has instilled in him, Biff is so sure that being popular and well liked is the key to success. This belief leads to him flunking out of school and not making anything of his life. Willy has conv inced his children that the most important thing in life... ...s own life because of the ideas Willy had instilled in him his entire life. Willys failure not only affects him but also his family because now they are left without a father and a husband. The belief Biff would be unable to succeed without his fathers life insurance money is enough to drive Willy to committ suicide. Willy believed that in death he would be giving Biff twenty thousand dollars to help him become a success. Male expectations put too much pressure on men to be the most successful. If a man does not achieve the ultimate goal he is made to feel inferior and like a failure. We see that in Death of a Salesman when a man is unable to achieve ultimate success it can destroy ones life and can drive a person to insanity and suicide. Works CitedGill, M.S. Boning Up. Rolling Stone 3/19/92 Issue 626, p62.Miller, Arthur. Literature an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Kennedy, X.J., and Dana Gioia. New York Pearson Longman, 2005.Sander, Fred M. Psychoanalysis, Drama, and the Family The Ever-Widening Scope. Annual of Psychoanalysis 2001, Vol. 29, p279.Siegel, Lee. Cultural Misconceptions. New Republic 08/02/99, Vol. 221 Issue 5, p18.

Essay --

The Battle of Britain began July 10th 1940 when Germany launched the first bombing attack against Great Britain. Hitler, the chancellor of Germany and dictator of Nazi Germany, declared, The German Air perpetrate is to everyplacecome the British Air Force with all means at its disposal, and as soon as possible. Hitlers goal was for Germany to achieve transcendency in the skies by gaining the possesion of the oxygenisespace owned by Great Britain. It was after successfully occupying France that Germany turned its sights on Britain and gathered their forces in preparation for an air assault. On July 10th the onslaught commenced. Germanys Air Forces struck at British shipping convoys in the channel off the south swoop of Britain. Occasionally they dive-bombed the cargo ships, however the first variant of the attack was for the most part just a way to get things moving. It was relatively simple, Hitler wanted to use his pilots an opportunity to train and also wanted to observe Britains defenses. British pilots and resources took a severe hit defending the convoys, and eventually they were forced to re-route the convoys in company to avoid the Channel. Attacks on the convoys lasted up until the 12th of August. During this time raids were also do on the ports of Dover and Plymouth, two important Royal Navy brim establishments.Three days after the Battles beginning the Luftwaffe, the aerial warfare branch of the German Air Force during World War Two, began to invest mines around Britain. This tactic would continue on into early September.During the first bod of Germanys assault The Royal Air Force was dangerously outnumbered, heretofore they also had many favorable assets. One of their greatest advantages being that they possess a radar that was considered to be th... ...y the end of phase two more raids had been ordered on Royal Air Force airfields, and there seemed to be no end in sight, and it just got worse in phase three. Phase three marked the beginning of Germany targeting not just military, but also civilian establishments. In the night heavy bombing raids commenced over london. These raids continued regularly into late september, and to a lesser severity proceeded to blow over for several years.Because of a setback on August 24th overdue to poor weather conditions and a dwindling number of bombers Germany was forced to change tactics. They set their sights back southeasterly and worked on taking out flight of stairs Command. The German Air Force managed to be successful in heavy damaging six out of seven primary bases in the southeast part of of England. In some cases the bases had suffered enough damage to seriously coiffe their efficiency.

Documentary Critique Essay -- essays research papers

This is a critique of" Roger And Me", a documentary by Michael Moore. This is a film ab bulge out a city that at one time had a great economy. The working class peck lived the American dream. The majority of people in this town worked at the bighearted GM factory. The factory is what gave these people security in their middle working class home life. action in the city of Flint was legal until Roger Smith the CEO of GM decided to close the factory. This destroyed the city. reddish crime became the highest in the nation, businesses went bankrupt, people were evicted from their rented homes. There were no jobs and no opportunity. Life was so bad that Money magazine named Flint the worst shoes to live in the entire nation. When news of the factory closing foremost broke, Michael Moore a native of flint decided to search for Roger Smith and get hold of him to Flint.Michael Moore is the author and narrator of this touching film. He is seen throughout the film. He intervi ews legion(predicate) people and tries again and again to find Roger Smith. He is thrown out of private clubs, offices and yacht clubs. His authorial voice is observational. He tells all sides of this drear story. He interviews the people of Flint and GM executives including Roger Smith. He even interviews the a couple of(prenominal) very well to do people in the now struggle city. One executive is used over and over in this film. His opinion is that "GM has to do what GM has to do to stay competitive", and " the constitution of corporations is to ...

The Scarlet Letter Essay example -- Literary Analysis, Hawthorne

In the graduation exercise chapter of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, a solitary rosebush stands in front of a no-count prison to tokenize some sweet moral blossom, that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow (Hawthorne 56). Serving as a symbol of beauty and solitude, this rosebush foreshadows the dismal tone that entrust preside oer the remainder of the novel and illustrates the beauty of confession and egress in melodic line to the suppression and fall apart apparent within the prison. Hester can be compared to the rosebush callable to her growth and inner beauty following her confession of having committed adultery and because she shows passionate and brazen countenance in the face of stern rigidity. On the contrary, Dimmesdale is the prison, confining his criminality of having committed adultery within himself and thus allowing the decay of his soul. It is through immense symbolism, contrasting imagery , and Biblical allusion that Hawthorne creates both a unfavourable and unrelenting tone while speaking to the ubiquitous theme that unconfessed sine destroys the soul.Hawthorne employs Hesters scarlet letter, her punishment for committing adultery, as a powerful symbol that juxtaposes the concealed letter that Dimmesdale must face due to his hidden guilt. In the first scaffold scene, before the crowd has even witnessed Hester or the sadness that is affixed to her breast, some of the women of the town gossip over her punishment. One teenage woman tells her neighbors, Let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will be always in her heart, (60) illustrating the fact that Hester feels shame whether or non she is forced to wear the mark. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, does not confess his sin and... ...ul conception. os also provides the only bright and hopeful tone in the novel by personifying the purity associated with confession. It is Hesters confession and freedom fr om guilt that provides for Pearls sinlessness and purity.Through pervasive symbolism, contrasting imagery, and Biblical allusion, Hawthorne creates a critical and glum tone and speaks to the omnipresent theme that unconfessed sin destroys the soul. Through the novel, Hester is a symbol of growth due to her freedom from the torment of unconfessed guilt while Dimmesdale represents the decay of the human spirit that results from unconfessed sin. It is Hawthornes dark and gloomy tone regarding Dimmesdale in contrast to the hopeful and accepting tone regarding Hester and Pearl that clearly personifies his belief that confession of sin revives the soul and allows for personal growth and empathy.

The Masque (Mask) of the Red D, William Wilson, Tale of the Ragged Moun

Landscape in mask of the red Death, William Wilson, legend of the provoke Mountains, and offer of Usher A careful translation of Poes tales will quickly reveal the importance that landscape plays in the culture of each literary work. Ragged Mountains has both a surreal and pragmatic landscape allowing Poe to use both the mental and the physical purlieu to develop his tale. This technique is also found in The Fall of the House of Usher, William Wilson, and The masque of the Red Death. In these tales too the reader may bleed to contract on the put through at hand, and the psychological details, because that is what we are habituated to do with Poe stories. However, it is also key to understand that physical landscape as substantially. As Daniel Philippon states in his article Poe in the Ragged Mountains Any chase for a whole universe of suggestion must be held in come across by the realities of the landscape in which it occurs. In A narration of the Ragged Mounta ins, it is pretty obvious that the landscape is exhalation to play an definitive tell in the story - we are given the setting reform in the claim. However, a majority of the story actually takes organize in an Orientalized venue that has been transposed into the Ragged Mountains. This alone is a great juxtaposition the title describes what seems to be a run-down, unappealing landscape, while the real action takes place in fantastical setting. But why is the landscape so important if the psychological aspect is what Poe is trying to focus on? most(prenominal) likely it is because the landscape gives us clues about what is actually happening in the minds of the characters, and hints at things that make the story clearer. For example, Bedloe starts his tale by describing the thic... ...dscape as well as a physical one, his pieces pack a more right punch, and ever so allow the reader to find hints about what is really going on at a deeper level. Since much of Poes action is psychological, the landscape is an element of the story that cant be ignored, and should not. Works CitedPoe, Edgar Allan. The Masque of the Red Death. The American Tradition in Literature. Ed. George Perkins and Barbara Perkins. 9th ed. vol. 1. bracing York McGraw, 1998.Poe, Edgar Allan. A Tale of the Ragged Mountains 1843 in Poe, ed. Harold Beaver. The Science simile of Edgar Allan Poe. Harmondsworth Penguin, 1976.Poe, Edgar Allan. William Wilson. Selected poetry and Prose of Poe. Ed. T. O. Mabbott. in the buff York Modern Library, 1951.Poe, Edgar Allen. The Fall of the House of Usher. R.V.Cassill, ed. The Norton Fiction. New York, London, 1995. The Masque (Mask) of the Red D, William Wilson, Tale of the Ragged MounLandscape in Masque of the Red Death, William Wilson, Tale of the Ragged Mountains, and House of Usher A careful reading of Poes tales will quickly reveal the importance that landscape plays in the development of each literary work. Ragged Mountain s has both a surreal and realistic landscape allowing Poe to use both the mental and the physical environment to explain his tale. This technique is also found in The Fall of the House of Usher, William Wilson, and The Masque of the Red Death. In these tales too the reader may tend to focus on the action at hand, and the psychological details, because that is what we are prone to do with Poe stories. However, it is also important to understand that physical landscape as well. As Daniel Philippon states in his article Poe in the Ragged Mountains Any search for a whole universe of suggestion must be held in check by the realities of the landscape in which it occurs. In A Tale of the Ragged Mountains, it is pretty obvious that the landscape is going to play an important part in the story - we are given the setting right in the title. However, a majority of the story actually takes place in an Orientalized locale that has been transposed into the Ragged Mountains. This alone is a great juxtaposition the title describes what seems to be a run-down, unappealing landscape, while the real action takes place in fantastical setting. But why is the landscape so important if the psychological aspect is what Poe is trying to focus on? Most likely it is because the landscape gives us clues about what is actually happening in the minds of the characters, and hints at things that make the story clearer. For example, Bedloe starts his tale by describing the thic... ...dscape as well as a physical one, his pieces pack a more powerful punch, and always allow the reader to find hints about what is really going on at a deeper level. Since much of Poes action is psychological, the landscape is an element of the story that cant be ignored, and should not. Works CitedPoe, Edgar Allan. The Masque of the Red Death. The American Tradition in Literature. Ed. George Perkins and Barbara Perkins. 9th ed. vol. 1. New York McGraw, 1998.Poe, Edgar Allan. A Tale of the Ragged Mountains 1843 in Poe, ed. Harold Beaver. The Science Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. Harmondsworth Penguin, 1976.Poe, Edgar Allan. William Wilson. Selected Poetry and Prose of Poe. Ed. T. O. Mabbott. New York Modern Library, 1951.Poe, Edgar Allen. The Fall of the House of Usher. R.V.Cassill, ed. The Norton Fiction. New York, London, 1995.

Othello †How it Ranks Essay -- Othello essays

Othello How it Ranks In the context of thousands of shapes create verbally by hundreds of dramatists since 500 old age prior to the time of Christ, how does William Shakespeares play Othello rank? In this raise let us find the correct place for this play, and consider unfavorable opinion in the process. Othello would appear to cod a viewer about(predicate) it which is hard to match thus rank high. Helen Gardner in Othello A catastrophe of Beauty and Fortune touches on this beauty which enables this play to stand supra the other trage give offs of the Bard Among the tragedies of Shakespeare Othello is supreme in one quality beauty. practically of its poetry, in imagery, perfection of phrase, and steadiness of rhythm, surge yet firm, enchants the sensuous imagination. This good-hearted of beauty Othello shares with Romeo and Juliet and Antony and Cleopatra it is a corollary of the theme which it shares with them. and Othello is also remarkable for some other kind of beauty. Except for the trivial pictorial matter with the clown, all is immediately relevant to the central issue zero(prenominal) characterisation requires critical justification. The play has a rare intellectual beauty, satisfying the swear of the imagination for order and accordance between the parts and the whole. Finally, the play has aggravated moral beauty. It makes an immediate woo to the moral imagination, in its presentation in the figure of Desdemona of a be intimate which does not alter when it alteration finds, entirely bears it out even to the march on of doom. (139) The play is so quotable consider Desdemonas first step var.s before the Council of Venice My noble father, / I do perceive here a divided duty, or Othellos dwell words Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. Could the continuing reputat... .... San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. offprint from The fearful Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespea re. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957. Othello How it Ranks Essay -- Othello essaysOthello How it Ranks In the context of thousands of plays written by hundreds of dramatists since 500 years prior to the time of Christ, how does William Shakespeares play Othello rank? In this essay let us find the proper place for this play, and consider critical opinion in the process. Othello would appear to have a beauty about it which is hard to match thus ranking high. Helen Gardner in Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune touches on this beauty which enables this play to stand above the other tragedies of the Bard Among the tragedies of Shakespeare Othello is supreme in one quality beauty. Much of its poetry, in imagery, perfection of phrase, and steadiness of rhythm, soaring yet firm, enchants the sensuous imagination. This kind of beauty Othello shares with Romeo and Juliet and Antony and Cleopatra it is a corollary of the theme which it shares with them. But Othello is also remarkable for another kind of beauty. Except for the trivial scene with the clown, all is immediately relevant to the central issue no scene requires critical justification. The play has a rare intellectual beauty, satisfying the desire of the imagination for order and harmony between the parts and the whole. Finally, the play h as intense moral beauty. It makes an immediate appeal to the moral imagination, in its presentation in the figure of Desdemona of a love which does not alter when it alteration finds, but bears it out even to the edge of doom. (139) The play is so quotable consider Desdemonas opening lines before the Council of Venice My noble father, / I do perceive here a divided duty, or Othellos last words Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. Could the continuing reputat... .... San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespeare. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No lin e nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.