Business Code of Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business codification of morality - Coursework ExamplePhD., Ethical Issues).During the last staff meeting, my staff supervisor takes me aside in hostelry to report that she caught four of our regularly employed on site caregivers gossiping about their screens inability to manoeuver their bladder and bowel functions and how they hated havign to clean up their wards and that they could not help but scold them for devising such a mess of themselves at their ages. They bragged about often getting away with holding snacks, meals, and desserts from their ward in order to teach them a lesson . A closer investigation using surveillance de cable television serviceation on the supervisors part shows that these particular employees regularly verbally abuse and indirectly physically assault their patients.As the owner and p house physician of this telephoner. It is my duty to ensure that my geriatric residents are treated properly and fairly. More importantly, I must guard against any abus es of their rights and privileges as a human being. Knowing fully well that in that location are state and national laws against such abuses, my license will now be on the line and could be taken away from me at any given time should any of my employees be caught in the act of abusing a patient. It is up to me to put an end to the abuse before a relative of the resident discovers the situation and takes legal action against the employee and my company. I must therefore take our company Code of Ethics into consideration when deciding as to how to deal with the erring caregivers. After all, a violation of a company code of ethics should be grounds for immediate dismissal.I understand that all of my employees shall come to me with a theoretical and practical knowledge of how to care for senior residents. However, not all of them will have the psychology training that is required for this type of specialized care. Therefore, it is incumbent upon me to provide them with the guidelines pertaining to proper

Critically discuss, with examples, the contributions that Managing Essay

Critic anyy discuss, with examples, the contributions that Managing Diversity policies can make to the furtherance of equality in organisations - Essay ExampleMajor differences like race, age, culture and gender argon axiomatic but some difference (perceived differences) like personality and lifestyle, which change frequently on experiences and relationships, can be complicated to make out. The examination of these differences has to be done in a positive, nurturing and safe atmosphere.2 Diversity goes beyond employment equity to nurturing an environment that values the differences and maximizes the potential of all employees, one that stimulates employee creativity and innovativeness. (U.S. Merit Systems protective cover Board (U.S. MSPB), 1993)The term vicissitude management in business can be defined as a firm which employs heterogeneous workforce (like different generations, gender, race, age etc) and creates such(prenominal) an atmosphere that works for all employees. In ord er to manage the diversity successfully, an organization must commit to maintain and create such a working environment that respects all the employees, acknowledging the perspective and the diverse talents of individuals. Organizations gain competitive advantages by means of low turnover, high motivation, less internal conflict and more job satisfaction if their workforce diversity is well managed. A diverse workforce enables an organization to better meet the requirements of their customers. Different new ideas are brought to the organizations by diverse employees, which help them in solving various complicated problems.Managing diversity is a service of creating and maintaining an environment that naturally encourages all individuals to reach their full potential in pursuit of organizational objectives. (Jenner, 1994 Thomas, 1994 in Dagher & DNetto, 1997)Workforce diversity is becoming a major issue which is faced by the managers of the twenty frontmost century. Few of these is sues are differences in ethnicity and languages which caused breakdown in communication, increasing number of women in workforce and the senescent population holding the job

Economic Crisis in the United States Research Paper

economical Crisis in the United States - Research Paper Examplewidespread failure in regulatory oversight) (Barclift, 2011, p. 450). However, deeper abridgment of the crisis shows that though the crisis is pecuniary in nature, the culprit is not financial as many halt explained solely structural it is caused by the faulty macroeconomic strategies of US the reliance on bubble economy and dependency on international credits and imports. I. Understanding the Crisis Experts, policymakers and observers (BBC, 2007 Zaman, 2009, p. 64 Katkov, 2011, p. 898) perceive the crisis in contending ways, depending on which spectrum whizz aligns. scarcely as the events unfold, everyone seems to agree that the crisis has started to manifest itself in the burst of the housing bubble in 2007 followed by the financial market crash. How did this happen? This question must have been asked with the shocking realization that this actually happens in the US the seat of world power and the home of dist inguished economists, financial analysts, and bankers. But after understanding the events, one would probably say that this kind of crisis would be most highly probable in the US. Why? The retort to this would come later. Going back to the first question, to answer this requires one to understand the mortgage lending in the US. One good simple explanation on this is to understand the effects of the changes made on the traditional model of mortgage lending to the sub-prime model as illustrated below. The differences between the two models rest on leash important factors First, the reliance on real assets for banks to lend second, the guarantee on the capacity of borrowers to pay and third, the transparence in the conditions of loans i.e. that sub-prime loans are usually adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) toxic instruments, like the collateralized debt obligations (CDO) that the biggest investment banks of the world gist out (BBC, 2007, p. 1). In short, there are solid bases by which banks and borrowers conduct business, giving both parties fall out indicators by which to act. Unfortunately, these three important factors on which banks traditionally operate are disregarded in the recent sub-prime model. Though it is true that selling on the mortgages to the bond markets has given banks additional leverage to fund to a greater extent borrowings, however, it has resulted to fraudulent practices, which banks no longer have the incentive to check (BBC, 2007, p. 1) i.e., falsifying credit histories or income of borrowers by mortgage brokers to qualify borrowers so that brokers can earn fees and commission (Zaman, 2009, p. 65). Truly, the sub-prime model has succeeded in raising the consume for housing, which caused the housing bubble, but in the end caused the financial crisis. Freeman (2002) explained that the housing bubble created a hyperinflationary spiral, fuelling ideational investments in real estate. Consequently, this sent prices, assessments, real est ate and mortgage credit volume also whorled upwards. Such was actually the objective of the City of London-Wall Street financier and Fannie Mae. On the contrary, the productive economy that would have given debtors the capacity to pay and that would have given resilience to the US economy was staggering downward. (pp. 12, 17) Expectantly, as BBC (2007) reported, sub-prime borrowers, which make-up 22% ($1.3 trillion) of the $6 trillion mortgage

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Assignment ExampleThere may be two types of efficiency in the commercialise Productive efficiency and Allocative efficiency.The perfectly rivalrous foodstuff ensures maximum efficiency. In perfectly rivalrous the maximum profit point is where the marginal cost is relate to marginal benefit and since for them MR = AR= P. indeed the profit maximization point i.e. MC =MR also ensures MC = MU (price). This means that in perfectly warring markets the marginal benefit to the society derived by customers while consuming the product is just able to polish off the marginal cost incurred by the society through the producer. Thus the marginal loss to the society is equal to the marginal benefit to the society which is a condition for efficiency. Which is not case with imperfectly competitive markets whose MU may not equal to MC at the point of profit maximization i.e. MR = MC, as for imperfectly competitive markets MR may not be equal to AR and price. Thus MC and price may not be equal .An example of market very close to perfect competition is street vegetable market in developing countries. The products are almost similar and each buyer and seller is very slim thus almost similar prices prevail. Thus MR = P = AR, and for profit maximization MC = MR which means MC = P (MU) which ensures utmost efficiency.Figure 1 shows the profit maximizing point for a competitive market firm. The point for profit maximization is qe, as here MR = MC and since its perfectly competitive, AR = P = MR, thus MC = P, which shows the efficiency in the market.b) The example of imperfect competition is tooth paste market in the US a lot of firms selling differentiated products to many buyers. In this case the firms dont sell at similar prices and their demand curves are sloping downwards thus MR falls speedy than AR and P. Thus when MC comes equal to MR MC is actually less than AR which keeps the prices

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over Essay

A Discussion of Macroeconomic Policies used by the USA Government over the past three years, their impact on the USA Economy and how palmy these Policies have been - Essay Examplef a real-estate slump and related financial problems, there were predictions that shore squeeze from high energy prices or a dollar shock could be crucial factors tipping US growing parsimony into a downturn.With the global political situation ever changing, foreign policies fluctuation in split second, the economy has suffered too over the recent years. This paper describes the United States of Americas macroeconomic polices in the recent years and their impact on the people. We shall consider the past three years and visualise at how the changing economic policies changed business interests and how they impact the overall economic situation of the state.In 2006 U.S economy was still suffering from the effects that the hurricanes such as Katrina had on the U.S. economy and because of their reverberation s in 2006. The health of the theme economy was facing threat, due to the severe beating that the infrastructure tookmost notably the infrastructure for energy. For the previous year and a half, energy prices had surged worldwide. When the storms hit at the end of August, economic activity had been quite rugged for several years, supported by monetary accommodation and strong productivity growth. Real gross domestic product had heavy(p) steadily at, or above, its potential or long-run sustainable pace, which is estimated at around three and a quarter percent. This pattern continued even during the third quarterimmediately following the hurricaneswhen real GDP grew by just over four percent. In the fourth quarter, growth did drop sharply to most 1 percent. However, a good deal of this slowdown appears to have been due to several temporary factors, no(prenominal) of which were related to the hurricanes.In 2006 the US economy was facing a great deal of un-certainty the economy appe ars to be approaching a highly desirable glide path. First, real GDP growth currently appears to be quite strong, but there was good reason for it to slow to around its potential rate as the year

FINISH LINE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

nail LINE - Essay ExampleConnick mentions that seasonal worker sales period is a uplifted time for a computer memory to make greater profits, but it comes with difficulties, as well. During the busy season, avoiding stock out is imperative. A seasonal stock should be carefully monitored on a daily basis and to avoid empty stock, the store manager must call the warehouse every day for that. Finish Line must head care of everyday pricing, assortment, space precaution, inventory management on a daily basis, and must suggest prowess in handling business decisions when it comes to seasonal products.There are many people sound off about wrong garment size or the habilitates that are outdated in mould terms. There are researches, alike the one mentioned by Better Health Channel (2013), that put high emphasis on foot care when it comes to running and jogging. So, the customers need the types of shoes that are not just in look but also take care of their feet. The buyers are the ones that hurt to face a lot of risk because even if Finish Line takes three months as its lead time, the other shoe making companies mentioned in the case study take at least six months. This means that customers have to wait for long to see what would be the changes in fashion in the offing. A new fashion is most likely to show up in six months.If the customer rates store A high in style-by-style rank, store B lesser than that and store C the least in ranking indeed Finish Line would have to make decisions in keeping the inventory of store A available at all the time. The reason is very evident if the customers have ranked according to style, then this means that they are fashion conscious and want to look up to date in shoe styling. This gives rise to the fact that the customers that ranked store A high in style would, most of the times, like to buy from store A. Straightforwardly, Finish Line would have to take special care of inventory management at store A.Considering this s cenario

How to achive sustainable concrete Dissertation

How to achive sustainable cover - Dissertation warningTherefore, all human activities should be sustainable such that they assure correct use of the resources available (without waste) as well as ensuring that the purlieu is conserved. One such activity that should be sustainable in nature is the production and use of concrete. Concrete has been one of the most important materials in the construction and infrastructure application for more than 2000 years now (Cement connectedness of Canada 2004). It has also been considered as an environmental friendly material (Cement Association of Canada 2004). In addition, structures made of concrete ar normally durable, dependable and their performance in terms of are usually superior (Cement Association of Canada 2004). The question that now arises is how sustainable concrete is. As compared to steel and aluminium, concrete structures are flexible in design, affordability and environmental friendliness (Cement Association of Canada 200 4). ... The research also aims at identifying how certain(p) components of concrete such as cement and aggregate are not sustainable and suggesting ways of make them sustainable. The research will also discuss how these components of concentrate can be made sustainable. 3. PROBLEM rumor Just as earlier mentioned, concrete has been used for construction material since time in memorial, and is considered as one of the most sustainable construction raw materials. It is however, noted that even though it is sustainable approximately of its aspects such as production of one of its major components, cement, is questionable. Therefore, what is a sustanaible development or product? 3.1 Sustainability In general, sustainability can be taken to mean supporting or keeping a process going. Therefore, the principal(prenominal) aim of ensuring that projects, products and processes sustainable is to ensure that all the lives in our plat hide are sustained for a future that is foreseeable. Sus tainability is consists of three components society, environment and economy. Therefore, a sustainable project, process or product must ensure that all the three components of sustainability (society, environment and economy) are maintained balanced and healthy at all time ( both(prenominal) now and in future). 3.1.1 Evironmental sustainability It is the destruction of the environment that is driving the world towards adoption of sustainable ways of doing things. Our environment has been deteriorated countless times by countless causes such that the quality of life in the planet both now and in future is questionable. For example, environmental degradation has been blamed for poor health of planet earth and the constant decline of biodiversity. This is

Women in general management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women in general management - Essay ExampleThe Goodpaster bind tries to abstraction some of the ethical issues that general managers confront in their location and the organizations. The issue of affirmative action is very common with many Managers, and this leaves them in an awkward positioning due to pressure emanating from within and outside the organization. Because of this, the article notes that managers need a more orderly way of thinking through the moral implications of policy decision. The to a higher place mission statement shows that women atomic number 18 capable of delivering given the favourable atmosphere. However, many societies and corporate environment wearyt allow women to scale higher because of the negative perception of, they cant do. This has for over the decades subordinated the position of women in the corporate environment and gave men the chance to enjoy the opportunities. A good manager is unrivaled who weighs the available options and bases the a ctions on the policies that the organization has set. Similarly, the actions that a manager resorts to must comply with the set laws such as ensuring affirmative action and implementing where it is due. Doing this will ensure that the decision passed by the general manager respects the rights of others, keeps promises and contracts, obeys laws, are fair and prevents harming others.Additionally, general managers can ensure they overcome the dilemma that makes them discriminate against women in leadership by following the three avenues of critical thinking as discussed in Goodpaster article.

Economic crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economic crisis - Essay Example eveningtually, the crash of the entire worlds economy was at stake. How did this happen What were the events that led up to it Will it ever end Is the debt bigger than the size of the economy Who is to stipulate who losses m maviny and who can get his investments back Is this crisis only for the poor or will it rile the rich poorAccording to Day, the main cause of the economic crisis is the excess credit creation all over a long time period. As mentioned earlier the interest rate was really low and there was creation of artificial money in the economy, which eventually led to speculation and mal-investment. He also says that this is not one of the normal cyclical crisis. A normal cyclical crisis is when an economy faces recession after witnessing economic boom, scarcely this one is much more than that it is not involving only one economy but the world economy. in whatever case it is not something which happened suddenly rather it has been fueled over many years, it is referred to as a secular de-leveraging compressing (Day, p.1).The inefficient plyeral Reserve monetary policy during the first few years of this decade force have been the reason for this monetary crisis. It is sometimes thought by financial experts and economists that this crisis could have occurred in 2001 repayable to the flaws in the policies. The world economy, especially the United States economy suffered many losses due to the bursting of the dot com bubble. otherwise social acts such as the attack on world trade center and the war against terrorist act also contributed towards the slow growth of the economy. Carefully and cleverly the financial experts avoided the crisis to happen in 2001 and prolonged its item by keeping interest rates at abnormally low levels. Instead of addressing the problem the Fed authorities and policies kept advancing the high levels of liquidity in financial system they also discouraged aversion to risk not only in U S but also among the international investors (Olivia, p. 5-6). nevertheless another issue was the low interest rates, as the idea of private consumption was widely real in the US, and the government was acting as a natural right activist and fighting for the rights of the tribe of the world. Thus the amount of expenditure amounted to be really large. In order to maintain all forms of expending the levels of debt increased to a phenomenal level. This is usually knows as global imbalances. The biggest problem however was the inefficiency of the entire financial system. This inefficiency was seen throughout the world and not only in the United States the financial institutions were not following any strict regime or regulation before granting people access to use money (Olivia, p. 6).In November of 2007, the NASDAQ went down by 1,500 levels and Dow Jones touched because of fall in the retail sales. The same effect was seen in Japan, Germany and Canada. Even companies in Asia, speci fically India, started announcing decline in sales. Still there was no decline seen in the loaning activities, however the falling rates of consumption

Report of the Field Week at Wiston Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Report of the theatre Week at Wiston - Coursework ExampleSurveys are actually important while carrying out all types of formulation and land planning. The diverse applications of surveys include the plotting of a land and grading of boundaries for planning and ownership purposes, the correct orientation course of the building, the leveling of an unduly ground surface, for setting out gradient of a road or field, for marking the center line of the roads, railways and transmission lines, for setting out horizontal as well as upright piano curves for discordant purpose etc. So canvass dismiss be deemed of as the very get-go step of any type of construction work and it also defines the accuracy of the construction (Schofield and Breach, 2007). Incorrect surveys exsert to different complications during the construction because the project drawings are made according to the surveys carried out. Moreover surveys are also very important in the economics of a project because the estimates of a project are based on the drawings prepared through surveying. The various different branches and disciplines of science on which surveying is based include trigonometry, geometry, physics and mathematics (Ghilani and Wolf, 2008). With the technological advancements in all other fields of science, surveying has also been developed and various new surveying instruments have been developed which provide high level of accuracy in work. on that point are various surveying techniques which have been classified on the basis of the type of land where they can be adopted and also on the basis of the objective of survey. This report elaborates the various tasks carried out during surveying work at Wiston and also explains the use of various instruments which were used for carrying out the various tasks. The major tasks carried out at Wiston provided an idea about the basics of surveys and the use of surveying instruments like theodolite and auto level. The various techniques which were analyse and practiced include traversing, which is one the very basic techniques of surveying and involves the measurement of the distances and angles between various points on a close traverse. The setting out of a curve using chords and offsets was also studied and practiced. Chapter 2 theodolites and Levels The instruments used during the surveying included Theodolites and Levels. The functioning, use and applications of these two instruments is described in this chapter. Theodolite Theodolite is one of the most widely used instruments in land surveying because of

African American Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

African American Philosophy - Essay ExampleVarious theories have offered explanations of social phenomena, such as Durkheim, Weber, Conflict possibleness and Feminist Theories to enlist just a few. According to Durkheim, the totality of beliefs and sentiments prevalent to average citizens of the same nightclub forms a de bourneinate system which has its own life, one may call it the collective or common conscience..... (Durkheim 199779-80). The collective conscience is significant because it determines the relationship between society and the individual and forms the basis upon which the values of that circumstance society argon set out and also the basis upon which the individual can be coerced into a particular lifestyle. Max Webers theory on the other hand, is based upon the distribution of real(a) and intangible , both symbolic and tangible, in society and such a distribution is inevitably unequal. This causes the appendage of classes and parties within society based upon the distribution of labour. (Weber, 2000 927).Another theory relevant in the African American context is the conflict theory, according to which different individuals and groups in society have different amounts of material and non material resources, especially monetary resources. As a result, the groups with greater material and other resources are likely to forge those who are poor or have less power and this could be the source of conflict.2. As Philogene (1999) points out, the transformation that has been made from black to African American in referring to this particular racial group in American society in itself demonstrates a transition of Americans who are of African descent from race to culture. She states that the use of the term African American has become synonymous with the manner in which the social status of Americans of Africa descent has improved, because they are no

Total Reward - Findings, Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations Essay

Total Reward - Findings, Discussion, remainder and Recommendations - Essay ExampleThe study is developed on the basis of a mixed approach where twain qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. In order to undertake the analysis, the opinions of respondents have been collected through questionnaire method. From the inquiry analysis, it has been found that total rewards which comprise both the elements of tangible and non-tangible rewards brush aside effectively impact on the ponder cheer of the employees. As different employees have different needs, thus their demandal aspects can also differ. Nowadays, all better pay is not sufficient for employees to stay in an organisation. They also desire for other forms of motivation along with tangible rewards. In this context, the total reward package enables organisations to balance organisational objectives with the requirement of individual employees from organisations which in turn current of air to enhanced productivity . Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Findings 6 Discussion 21 Conclusion 26 Recommendations 28 References 30 Introduction Reward is a set of approaches which is intended for managing the human resources in an organisation. The major purpose of reward is to motivate employees to accomplish high performance. ... The fundamental idea of reward is to motivate greater performance through certain activities and to emphasise their reoccurrence. The aftermath of reward can result in a sense of achievement which in turn can lead towards higher performance. Rewards are of two kinds which are tangible/monetary rewards and non-tangible/non-monetary rewards. Tangible rewards are pay, incentives and hire among others which are the basic conditions for employees to work in an organisation. On the other hand, intangible rewards are those which can lead to motivation of employees towards high performance such as recognition, better work culture and training and schooling among o thers. Together tangible and intangible rewards can generate tune satisfaction for the employees. Job satisfaction occurs when an employee receives those facilities which he/she expects from an organisation. There is significant relationship that exists between job satisfaction and reward provided by an organisation. Rewards act as a basis for job satisfaction of employees. However, significant differences exist among the employees about expectations from an organisation. Thus, the aspect of job satisfaction within the employees can also be differing according to demographic factors such as age, gender and psychographics variables. collectible to this reason, the term total reward has gained much acceptance among organisations in order to ensure better job satisfaction and enhance productivity (Flamholtz, 1996). The total reward includes all elements of rewards which are useful for enticing, encouraging and retaining employees. It is aimed at providing all employees a positive wor k environment where they can put much effort towards exertion of organisational objectives. In present days, total

Marketing Communication strategy of Cirque du Soleil Case Study

Marketing Communication strategy of Cirque du Soleil - Case Study ExampleIn this paper I will examine the marketing talk of Zumanity, a furnish produced by the renowned Cirque du Soleil. I will review the effectiveness of the strategy employed with regards to the Awareness, Interest, Desire, Action model as advocated by E. St Elmo Lewis circa 1900.The Cirque du Soleil was born in Quebec, Canada in 1984 during the 450th anniversary of Jacques Cartiers arrival in Canada, founded by guy wire Laliberte. It is a spectacular theatrical delight, a combination of arts of the circus and street entertainment. The lay outs features original music, sweet acacia costumes, dramatic lighting and visual effects. However, in comparison to the traditionalistic circus it differs significantly in that it is an all(prenominal) human show with absolutely no animal involvement. (www.circusnet.info) From its beginnings in 1984 - 2003 the Cirque du Soleil grew rapidly and extensively, transforming fr om one show travelling circus to an international multi show production company. Significant elements including strategic European alliance with the Swiss Circus Knie, resident shows in Disney World Florida (La Nouba) and in Vegas (O), alliances with MGM-Mirage and Imax and both film and television productions. Cirque du Soleil productions intent all genres, however, there is a great emphasis on family audiences. (www.cirquedusoleil.com)2003 marked Cirque du Soleils 15th show. ... The fanciful thinking behind Zumanity had been in the piping since 2001, in collaboration with MGM-Mirage. Designed to be extraordinary, just as the circus had been reinvented 20 yrs previous, Zumanity was designed to reinvent the adult entertainment market in Vegas. Zumanity billed asAn edgy and provocative discovery of sensuality and eroticism (Canadian Congress of Advertising 2004).Zumanity is the first production to show an alternative side to Cirque du Soleil and its communication strategy essenti al to be exact in mold to achieve success with a carefully selected and targeted market. Key issues the company had to overcome are noted by Canadian Congress of Advertising (2004) image risk, social tolerance to sexuality and competitionZumanity was not what the traditional Cirque customer would expect, it was to be more dance orientated, smaller, sensual and erotic. Care would be of the essence to break the original brand would not be compromised.Zumanity is not simply another erotic show and the communication strategy needed to portray the message that it is resolutely sexy and astounding, while meeting Cirques high creative standards. Legalities and social considerations had to be accounted for. The direction thus for materials to show eroticism without really showing it.Marketing needed to be savvy. The media budget was $3.2 Mill in comparison to the major competitor at the time, Celine Dion who was launching her refreshful show, with a $10 Mill media budget.PEST analysis ha d to be carried out and important features such as the financial slump and impending Iraq war taken into consideration.Awareness, imagery and materials needed to be created and tickets sold beforehand the show actually existed.The Canadian

Democracy (essay can be on Equality or Power as well) Essay

Democracy ( can be on Equality or Power as well) - Essay ExampleWho were some of the most powerful leaders in history? People such(prenominal) as Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar and Xenophon, and todays American presidents. These mens lives have lessons for us today but also in a way parallel the lives of some of the most significant business leaders of the 20th and 21st centuries. moving in leaders and generals and political leaders all lead high stress lives. Many people depend on them for everything and their decisions have enormous impact. It is therefore very useful to understand what works and what doesnt. Indeed, what happened in the gone is the best predictor of what will happen in the future.A limitation that seems app arent in this depth psychology is that while there are similarities between business and war they are not the exactly the same. surface-to-air missile Walton is not Alexander the Great. If things go bad for Sam, he loses money (Burns 45). If things go ba d for Alexander, he and his soldiers are killed and his country destroyed. There is an important difference. When Hank Greenberg was voted out of AIG by the board of directors because of some of the mistakes he made with management, his penalisation wasnt exactly the same as Julius Caesars. Life and death are rarely at stake in the business world (although sometimes they are). Power is a complex thing.For me personally power and leadership pith a number of things. Powerful leaders dont need to be bigger than life. They dont need to be diachronic figures. They are sometimes just people in your local community. Something that has had a big influence on me is the idea of faithfulness and leadership. I believe integrity is the most pressing leadership issue of today. To me it mode having sound moral principles and being honest and upright. In our contemporary world it is clear we have a serious lack of these important principles. But it is not enough to say that it is important to have integritywe must take steps to instil it where it is lacking.To begin

The Globalization of Health Care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Globalization of Health Cargon - occurrence Study ExampleThe beneficiaries of globalization of health care include the hospital in the host countries, which are mainly countries undergoing development. Patients also benefit from globalization since they outhouse access quality healthcare at outset cost. The loser are the mother countries, which are mainly the developed countries such as U.S. that train or so of the medical personnel who end up working elsewhere. Moreover, the service is paid for at the place of livery and countries like U.S. are losing greatly due to the large number of people seeking treatment elsewhere (Deloitte 1-2).There are risks associated with health care globalization. One risk is that professionals are increasingly moving from poorer countries resulting in shortage of care providers in poor countries. Resolving this issue would be hard since the professional cannot be prevented from seeking better payments. Accountability of healthcare providers mi ght be reduced since medical ethics interpolate across nations. This can be dealt with through introduction of some international ethics to guide health professionals.On balance globalization of healthcare is god since it has enhanced care provision and ensured that the less advantaged can access quality care at a cost they can afford to pay. Moreover, it has reduced the accuse of care provision in countries lacking enough

US History Essay Example for Free

US History Essay4. Describe how prokaryotes contribute out photosynthesis and cellular phoneular external respiration when they lack compartmentalized organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. The area of cellular respiration in prokaryotes is the respiratory membrane. For aerobic prokaryote the infoldings of the plasma membrane are correspondent to the cristae of mitochondria, whose purpose in eukaryotic cells is cellular respiration. In photosynthetic prokaryotes, the area responsible for cellular respiration is the thylakoid membrane. It functions are similar in manner to chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.5. Explain why prokaryotes are unable to grow in very salty or sugary foods, such as cured meats or jam. Prokaryotes have the capacity to live vinegarish environments. Prokaryotes however are unable to live in very salty or sugary foods like cured meats or jams because they lack the essential nutrients that water etc provide. In response to these harsh conditions endospores are formed. In essence, endospores are a touch wall surrounding a set of chromo nears. finally as water is removed from the cell its metabolism halts and the rest of the cell disintegrates. In this manner prokaryotes burst out in harsh conditions like sugary or salty foods. 6. State the function(s) of each of the followers prokaryotic featuresa. Capsulei. A capsule is a sticky layer that surrounds the cell wall of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces.b. fimbriaeii. A short, hairlike growth of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cells also known as an attachment pilus.c. sex pilusiii. In bacteria, a structure that links one cell to other at the start of conjugation also know as a conjugation pilusd. Nucleoidiv. A dense region of desoxyribonucleic acid in a prokaryotic cell.e. Plasmidv. A small, circular, double forsake DNA molecule that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome. Plasmids are also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeasts.f. Endosporesvi. A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions. 7. List three factors that give rise to high levels of genetic diversity in prokaryotes. Rapid Reproduction- Rapid reproduction is comparable to a prokaryote reproducing by binary fission repeatedly. after(prenominal) rounds of division most of the offspring cells are identical Mutation-Genetic Recombination-8. Describe three processes that produce recombinant DNA in prokaryotes.

Cowgirl Chocolates Essay Example for Free

Cowgirl Chocolates EssayIn 1997, Marilyn Lysohir and her husband Ross Coates began reservation and distributing chocolates and other treats in addition to working as an artist in Moscow. Cowgirl Chocolates be all-natural, kosher chocolates that are unique in that they contain hot pepper as an ingredient. When you first put one in your mouth, it will taste smooth like other high quality chocolates. After a flash or two, youll taste the fiery pepper. Marilyn admits that not everyone can take the heat of her chocolates. However, enough people know both chocolate and spice to keep Marilyn busy shipping her candies from Moscow to all over the world. Cowgirl Chocolates count in mint, orange, lime-tequila, espresso, and milk chocolate. Although espresso is the hottest, all five flavors are hot. In order to appease people who favor chocolate without spice, this year Marilyn has started making mild-mannered milk chocolate and dark chocolate truffles. Also in the line of Cowgirl Choc olates products, are a spicy caramel sauce and merchandise with the company logo and the jestingly warning sissies stay away. Cowgirl Chocolates quickly began earning awards and gaining attention. Among the eleven awards that Marilyn keeps in her garage are two Golden Chiles, awarded by Chile Pepper Magazine. The critical success of Cowgirl Chocolates inspired Marilyn to adapt and increase the size of her operation. Today, Cowgirl Chocolates are do in cooperation with Seattle Chocolates. Marilyn makes the caramel sauce in a specialty kitchen in Sandpoint. As it turns out, shipping Cowgirl products to many locations throughout the world has proven to be the most difficult part of the business.

The importance of literacy Essay Example for Free

The importance of literacy EssayLiteracy is know as the ability to film and make unnecessary. It is the ability to communicate with each other, and to understand the concepts of everything. It does not mean that you leave sport literacy in a book because it mess be found at any arrange on a daily basis. For example, while watching television, reading a magazine, when communicating with hatful in social networks, and especi all in ally in school day. All of that has something related to literacy because there argon give voices and signs that have a significance. It is very important for us to read and write, because it is a way to express and communicate with each other. toughened literacy skills are closely linked to the probability of having a favor equal to(p) job, decent earnings, and access to training opportunities. Individuals with abstemious literacy skills are more(prenominal) likely to be unemployed or, if employed, to be in jobs that pay little or that of fer poor mins or working conditions Without literacy civilization as well as communication would be entirely different, it is the key for our future, because it fashion teaching, and with education we all would have a better future. Literacy is fundamental for breeding in school.It has an impact on an individuals ability to participate in society and to understand important familiar issues. Since we were kids, we were taught to mold a language step by step. We first come uponed to understand it, then to babble out it, and at school we learned to write it and read it. Nowadays the population of people that know how to write and read is bigger than before. Some of our grandparents are illiterate due to their poor education. My grandmother said that covering fire in the day there was not enough gold for education and only a few could afford it.But things had changed, now the government helps the students by providing them with financial support and it is easier for them to a fford and education. I am one of the luckiest people that have the privilege to attend to college. I said privilege because not everyone can do it and I am the first one in my family that made it to college. A literate mortal has more possibilities to succeed in life. Why? Because it opens more paths tosuccess, more job opportunities and better earnings.For example if a company is looking for people to hire and they have a couple of options in which there are people with high education and people with less education, of course they are going to hire that ones with the to the highest degree education. It is because they want the best for their company and they know that people with higher education would make a good job, because they have knowledge and the capacity to understand things better. An individual that is unable to read and write is called illiterate.He cannot draw a bead on his own income and expenses, nor can keep his own accounts. An illiterate man is generally exploi ted by the wily men in the society. They compress full advantage of his ignorance of the language or wisdom. For example, lets reckon that you own a business, but you do not know how to administrate it. You must hire a person to do it for you, because you have no idea of how to deal with numbers. What if the person you hire is taking money from your business and you do not notice it, due to your illiteracy.That is why it is very important to go to school and learn. Some people think that going to school is a waste of time, but it is not. We need education in aver to survive the daily basis. It makes a big difference in an individuals life. Literacy is found in our daily basis, the internet, television, books, etc. But in the social networks it is very common to find a lot of misspellings. This is why you have to be aware and not believe that every word in there is right spelled.This all happens because people are being more and more able to the way of texting, or they simply do not care about how they a spell a word on their social networks. It is affecting our society because it makes them look illiterate and is affecting other people that are learning a language, for example English, and these people make them think that what they write is spelled right. I had a dense experience with literacy before. When I was a freshman in high school I had to learn English, since my first language is Spanish it was difficult for me to understand the English language.It took me a long time to learn it. My teacher told me that it would be very helpful if I acquireed to read books for at least one hour a day and also to watch television in English. She told me to practice as much as I could. So I did it and as time passed by, I started to notice that my learning skills got better and my pronunciation too. The hardest part of learning a unseasoned language is when you write it, but with time and dedication you exit understand itbetter. Comprehending English can be d ifficult, because sometimes a word sounds the same but means something different.For example, theyre and there sound exactly the same but both have completely different meaning. We relieve oneself confused, that is why it takes time to dominate it, but with practice and dedication you would notice that little by little it would get easier. I read all the books I could and every time I read these books I learned new words and their meanings. Books can seem boring but once you start reading them, they are really interesting. By reading you will notice that your writing and reading skills would get better.My English teacher would always tell me that reading was very important when it comes to learning a new language, because in a book I would find different words that would help me with my literacy skills. I am looking forward to pass this course and I would do my best in this class. My expectations for this course are to better my writing skills and learn how to develop and organize a good essay, since I have problems with it. I would like to learn new strategies of writing and understanding words. I know this class would not be easy but I am going to give my best and turn in all my work.My goal is to be a highly educated person, so I need to study hard to achieve this. I hope that my literacy skills get better with time and practice and I am do to do it. I know that by the time I graduate I would be more educated, and this all would be because of what I learned in college, and I know that everything I learned in school would be very useful in my future. Literacy is essential in our lives. Without it we would not be able to communicate with each other or to be successful in life.We would have less chances of get a nice job and we would be exposed to be manipulated by other individuals that want to take advantage of our ignorance. Education is the key to success and the laws state that every person has the right to an education. This is why we have to take adv antage of the government help, to improve our learning and education. I feel honored to be in college right now, because not everyone has the chance to attend to school, and I will do my best in order to succeed and accomplish my goals. Once you learn to read. You will be forever free. Frederick Douglass.

Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

first puerility Education EssayPlease accept this letter as an application for admission to University of Houston to receive an Ed. D in earlyish Childhood Education. I submit this letter for I believe that my experiences are tumesce qualified to meet the needs of the position. I am taking Masters of Education, Educational Administration with PDAS security at Prairie View AM University in Educational Administration and fully expect to complete my compass point by August 2010. I have started applying for Assistant Principal positions within my district for next take year. I am looking earlier to continuing my studies in the Ed.D program in Early Childhood Education. I am currently a Head Start Teacher in interface Arthur Independent School District, Port Arthur, Texas. This 8-year experience provides me career harvest-tide and competitive experiences in the field of Early Childhood Education. I am taking responsibilities in the planning and implementation of activities t o promote the social, physical, and intellectual growth of children three and four years of age. Care, hygiene, learning, development activities, specialized programs, positive guidance of the children and maintaining records, cleanliness and orderliness are similarly given special attentions in my field.I have been a department chairperson for the last 3 years. I have also worked as a substitute coordinator where in I was involved in recruiting new substitute teachers for the district. In this job, I have also worked directly with the principal in hole teachers to fill in the classrooms during summer months. My studies in Masters of Education not only provide me reinforced background and research experience but also in the applications of these learnings.I also believed that my educational set and my work experiences will not only contribute advancements to myself but also effectively put these into practice. I have the earnest desire to function successfully in program develop ment activities, teachings, and basic and use researches in early childhood education. Attached herewith are my resume, certificates, and transcript for your reference. I look forward to hearing positive responses from you regarding this matter. Thank you for your consideration. Respectfully yours, Michelle M. Lockwood

The Anatomy Lesson Essay Example for Free

The Anatomy Lesson EssayTulp is a 1632 oil painting by Rembrandt housed in the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague, the Netherlands. Dr. Nicolaes Tulp is pictured explaining the musculature of the arm to medical professionals. Some of the spectators are various doctors who salaried commissions to be included in the painting. The painting is signed in the top-left hand corner Rembrant. fecit 1632. This may be the first instance of Rembrandt signing a painting with his forename (in its original form) as opposed to the monogramme RHL (Rembrant Harmenszoon of Leiden), and is gum olibanum a sign of his growing artistic confidence. The event can be dated to 16 January 1632 the capital of The Netherlands Guild of Surgeons, of which Tulp was official City Anatomist, permitted only one public dissection a year, and the body would have to be that of an executed criminal. 1 Anatomy lessons were a social event in the seventeenth century, taking place in lecture rooms that were actual theatres, with students, colleagues and the general public being permitted to attend on payment of an captivate fee.The spectators are appropriately dressed for a solemn social occasion. It is thought that, with the exception of the figures to the rear and left, these battalion were added to the picture later. citation needed One person is missing the Preparator, whose task it was to prepare the body for the lesson. In the 17th century an important scientist such as Dr. Tulp would not be involved in menial and spread over work like dissection, and such tasks would be left to others. It is for this reason that the picture shows no cutting instruments. kind of we see in the lower right corner an enormous open textbook on anatomy, mayhap the 1543 De humani corporis fabrica (Fabric of the Human Body) by Andreas Vesalius. Medical specialists have commented on the accuracy of muscles and tendons painted by the 26-year-old Rembrandt.It is not know where he obtained such knowledge it is possible that he copied the details from an anatomical textbook. However, in 2006 Dutch researchers recreated the position with a male cadaver, revealing several discrepancies of the exposed left forearm compared to that of a real corpse. 2 The surgically astute will notice that the origin of the exposed forearm muscles would seem to indicate that the flexor compartment originates at the lateral epicondyle, when it is, in fact, the medial epicondyle. It is the common extensor origin that originates at the lateral epicondyle.

Training and Development of Employees Essay Example for Free

Training and Development of Employees EssayBahria University Karachi CampusHuman Resource Development (HRD)Questionnaire upshotings Name ________ ___________________Organization __________________________Division/Department ___________________Position/Designation ____________________ Date ______________________Instructionsa) Please use up out the questionnaire and kindly check ( the appropriate box where it deemed necessaryb) In advance we are highly indebted for your full cooperation and professional support in filling out this questionnaireQ.1 Could you ravish cost well-nigh light, on the profile of both the Parent and Subsidiary Company?picpicQ.2 In HRD it is important to carry out, strategical / Organization analysis in this contextCould you please tell us in the analysis that how do you identify the following?a. Organizations goalsb. Organizations resourcesc. Organizations climated. environmental constraintsPlease elaborate.picpicQ.3) It is imperative for the HRD speciali sers to undertake important activity like assessing the HRDs need in the Organization. By using sundry(a) methods kindly explain what is the situation in your Organization? Please admit the details.picpicQ.4) Do you think that the HRDs need assessment is yielding the requisite results?Yes(No (In either case please rear the detailspicpicQ.5) In designing the effective HRD programs/ interventions do you need the following activities among others?1. Define the objectives of the HRD intervention.2. The Make-Versus-Buy Decisions related to the HRD programs.3. Selecting the trainer.4. Preparing a lesson program5. Selecting training methods and media.6. Preparing training materials.7. Scheduling and HRD program. benevolent provide your perspectives briefly on the above comprehend HRD designing programs within from a to e.a)._____________ b)._______________ c).__________________d)._______________ e).________________ f)._____________________g)._______________Q.6 Are you content with desi gning effective HRD programs in your Organization? stay the appropriate BoxYes(No (In either case please provide the detailspicpicQ.7 There are various methods to deliver the training namely.a. On Job Training.b. Job Rotation.c. The Lecture Approach.d. Discussion Methods.e. Experiential Methods.f. Self base/ Computer Based Methods.Could you please tell us which method is preferred in your Organization and why. likable elaborate.picpicQ.8 The MNCs do realize the fact that to implement the HRD programs Physical environments do carry high weightage.Kindly tell us your perspective on this aspect and provide us details.picpicQ.9 Could you please tell us do you carry out the evaluation of HRD programs and how often in terms of its frequency?Please provide the details.picpicQ.10 The most popular and influential framework provided by Kirkpatricks Evaluation Framework advocated four criterias namely.a). Reaction (level 1)b). Learning (level 2)c). Job Behavior (level 3)d).Results (level 4)Ar e you using the same set of framework?Yes(No (If answer is No please provide the details which evaluation model your organization is using and consequently its mirth level. Please provide detailspicpicQ.11 Do you use coaching to improve poor performance? chequer the appropriate BoxYes(No (In either case please provide the details.picpicQ.12 In your perspective what skills are necessary for effective coaching?a).__________________b).__________________c).__________________picpicQ.13 It is common to witness that MNCs has a system in place which governs the employees assist programs. Do you have such program?Please provide the list and comment on its effectiveness.picpicQ.14 HRD covers the areas of charge Management and Career Development what programs and activities do you have in this context. Please provide the list.Are you at ease with the current Career Management and Career Development?Yes(No (In either case please provide the details.picpicQ.15 HRD Specialist also serves as a change agent and actively participates in designing and implements the intervention strategies in the organization.Kindly tell us what the situation in your organization is.picpicBefore we depart, we once again discommode our sincere thanks for enlightening us with your invaluable inputs and insights. Finally, if you have any comments/observations which you think is critical for our assignment, please provide the detailspicpicInterviewers1. _______________________________ 2.__________________________3. _______________________________Bahria University Karachi Campus

Bureaucratic Management Essay Example for Free

Bureaucratic Management EssayAn agreement backside be stovepipe describes as a unit which consists of individuals who, in rank to achieve certain objectives, influence other people. They may be trying to achieve wealth or well being through differing processes, technologies, structures and cultures.In order to sway an establishment well anxiety is use uped. Management then is the planning, organising, leading and controlling of gentleman resources, s well as other resources, in order to achieve efficient goals. Rosemary Stewart describes a autobus asSomeone who gets things done with the aid of people(Boddy P11)Bureaucratic ManagementAn in-chief(postnominal) aim for most(prenominal) businesses today is to increase productiveness and efficiency. In order to do so, many businesses adopt theoretical approached to forethought. The opening of bureaucracy is one in which is the underlying theme of control in many formations of today. Bureaucratic oversight is describ ed as a plaster bandageal system of boldness in order to maintain efficiency and effectiveness. (Contemporary Management P48)Max Weber developed the theory of bureaucratic management and derived five main rules which should be adopted when using bureaucratic management. Although his theories were very sound, perhaps the most influential principles of management in organisations argon that of Henri Fayol. He devised 14 theories of management however roughly of these theories are similar to that of Max Weber. Like Weber, Fayol believed in division of labour where workers would be given more job duties and responsibilities.He excessively believed in potentiality and responsibility similar to Webers theory, where federal agency should come from personal expertise, technical knowledge moral worth and the world power to lead to generate commitment from subordinates (Contemporary Management P50) Weber believed in dual command, similar to this, Fayol believed unity of command. This principle involves an employee reporting to and only receiving orders from one supervisor. Next he devised that there should be a line of self-assurance which can be described as the line of command starting at the bottom of the organisation and following up to the very top of the organisation.In bureaucratic management it is important to control the flesh of levels in the hierarchy because the more managers there are the longer it takes to plan and organise activities. Similarly he believed that an effective bureaucratic work place should grow a form of centralisation. Fayol believed that authority should not be centralised at the top of the chain of command. As a result of centralisation of authority, it would wet managers at the top of the hierarchy are able to make more decisions and therefore the people lower humble the line of authority would simply follow their teaching.In a bureaucratic organisation there is a need for unity of direction which Fayol picked up on. He be lieved that effective bureaucratic organisations which devised a plan of direction would eradicate ineffectiveness and unfocused activities. On the other hand, bureaucratic organisations should get by employees with equity and fairness as well as sustain order. Fayol described order as the methodical arrangement of positions to provide the organisation with the greatest benefit. (Contemporary Management P50).Linked to this he believed in the discipline within the organisation whereby employees could focus on obedience, energy and respect for authorititive figures.On the other hand, bureaucratic management according to Fayol should push employees to use beginning(a) as well as a system whereby employees are rewarded in order to increase productiveness and increase enjoyment for the employees. Included in these reward systems were profit sharing plans and bonuses. He recognised the need for long-term employment because through time people develop their skills. Similarly he believed that some form of agreement should be made by the organisation and its employees in order to maintain that employees are hardened fairly and overall be rewarded for their performance.Espirit De Crops is an important part in the success of a bureaucratic organisation because it refers to a shared feeling of motivation and commitment to a specific cause. When managers are able to encourage personal and verbal dealing between both managers and workers espirit de corps can be developed. Furthermore, this can be linked to Human Relations management.Human Relations ManagementHuman relations management is the article of belief that a concern for homo factors much(prenominal) as job specialisation in order to meliorate productivity. It was based on the belief that people affirm a social dimension and have important links not just to the workplace, but out with the organisation itself. Human relations was a flow from a rational economic view of man, where a employee will increase pr oductivity with economic benefits such as wage rises and bonuses to a social view of man, where productivity will increase with an increase in employee relation ships and in general better social conditions.Mary Parker Follet believed in the creativity of group processes. On the other hand she did not believe that division of labour was the right way to achieve optimised productivity unlike Fayols bureaucratic theories. Again, in comparison to strict lines of authority in bureaucratic management she believed that managers in an affective human relations organisation should not manipulate their subordinates. Instead, they should be trained to use their powers responsibility. She also argued against Fayols belief that there should be a clear hierarchy of authority by advising that it would be effective if leadership moves from person to person depending on the individual situation or who is best suited to the job. contrary the principle of unity of command, Human relations theory all owed employees to work together and interact with managers giving their opinions and beliefs in order to optimise productivity. It also gives employees the satisfaction of knowing their opinions are valued.Elton Mayo elaborated on human relations management theory when he undertook the Hawthorne studies. He examined the social and psychological factors which affected performance. His studies concluded that bodily conditions had a small impact on output and that it was social changes which impact productivity. These changed occurred because the teams were paid more direction to and their opinions mattered to managers. On the other hand, it concluded that financial initiatives helped increase productivity (similar to bureaucratic practises).The study later open up that people performed less effectively because they began to practice specific social norms. In bureaucratic management employees have to impart in strict ways whereas human relations management theories found differing social behaviour. During the Hawthorne studies employees devised that they should behave in specific way and therefore those who did not abide by these social norms were classified as rate busters who were people who tried to more in order to gain more, chisellers employees who underperformer and squealers who told tales to managers.Relevance at presentBureaucratic management has been proven to be very lucky today. The Hilton hotel group are a applicable example because they have many outlets through-out the world. They must set out global standards and procedures in order for managers to run them it effectively. Included in these procedures is how staff is recruited and trained. Similarly rules and regulations set out in manual should be followed precisely, whether its how to treat their customers or how to run their accounts. On the other hand, bureaucratic management is not suitable for organisations which are given up to change. On the other hand, management control in burea ucratic management is very high because authority is clearly marked out, with managers being the imperative and employees must follow their orders.Human Relations Management is successful in some organisation today. Organisations that tend to benefit from Human Relations Management are shout centres because employees tend to work in teams and have a closer interaction with their managers. However the influence on performance that Mayo discussed is much more complicated than assumed because by providing good supervision and adapted working conditions can increase satisfaction within the organisation but does not always mean it will increase productivity. Management control in an organisation which is adopts Human Relations management does have management control however it is less centralised. Employees are able to put across ideas and perspectives. Similarly, in some organisations the role of management can be shifted depending on who is best suited to the job.Overall, adopting th eories of management in an organisation is very important because it can shape the way you run your business, but more importantly it can increase productivity and effectiveness by all who are involved in the organisation. Bureaucratic management is a system of management which is widely used today and more classical compare to human relations management. It is clear to see that there are differences between bureaucratic management and human relations management, the most obvious being that human relations management takes into consideration the social behaviours of employees whereas bureaucratic management concentrates more on hierarchy and strict division of labour.

Lord of the Flies Homework Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Homework analyse gluttonous is clear a clever boy, just he is a victim too? How does the author use him in the novel?Lord of the Flies is nigh a group of schoolboys stranded on an island. The boys earn to fend for themselves and try to get rescued. One of the main characters in the book is gross.The second somebody we find out about on the island is shote. We never find out his real name because he was always called swinish and at the beginning piglet also says They used to call me gluttonous. He utter this to Ralph because he trusted him and wanted to build friendship with him. Ralph makes fun of him, which shows the initial sign that he is a victim.When Golding first introduces Piggy, he is described as the fat boy, w here(predicate)as Ralph is described as the fair boy and as an athletic person. This contrast between the two characters makes Piggy seem inadequate in comparison to Ralph. This because makes him a likely victim too. It also makes Piggy the most physically vulnerable character because he is overweight and has asthma.Golding uses Piggy as a representative of an adult on the island. Even though at the start he repeatedly talks about his aunt, My auntie told me not to run, which sounds very childish, but as the rules of civilisation fall away from the island, he does not mention his auntie some(prenominal) more. On several(prenominal) places throughout the novel Piggy wonders about what grownups would say. He longs for the order and structure that adults impose. On times when Ralph thinks about what will happen next Piggy says they just have to carry on because that is what grownups would do. When the boys go bang off to light the fire on the mountain, Piggy describes them as crowd of kids and follows them with the martyred expression of a parent. These examples clearly show that Golding uses Piggy to replace the grownup world.Another example of his maturity is when he wants the shelters to be built, The first thing we ought to have made was shelters down there by the beach Then when you get here you build a bonfire that isnt no use. Now you been and set the whole island on fire. This shows also that Piggy had common sense by wanting to build the shelters on the beach first, which might be boring, but better than the doing exciting things first like the other boys think.The writer also uses Piggy as a symbol of intelligence and civilisation. This however did not benefit the rest of the boys directly. If this was the case, he probably would not have been victimised at the end. The main reason for this might be that he did not have any leadership qualities, as an obese person, having asthma and wearing glasses would not be able to do certain things.His look did not fit into the profile of a powerful leader and he did not have the charisma a leader needs. Instead of this Piggys intelligence was used and published by Ralph, which remaining him with nothing to tell the group that they would recognise. This made Piggy even more of a victim because aught apart from Ralph really noticed Piggys intelligence. Ralph needed Piggy and that is why he was able to notice his intelligence. Piggy was someone who reminded Ralph back to civilisation when his thoughts began to drift away.Piggy knows all sorts of things like at the beginning he finds and also tells Ralph how to use the conch and that it would make a noise, which would then call all the boys together. This also shows his intelligence.The physical coming into court of Piggy is his biggest fallback of his ideas he puts into the assemblies. Often his ideas are completely cut offd, because nobody recognises how important they might be. Because Piggy is very sensitive too and Jack continuously bullies him, he does not get any complaisance from the other boys. The fact that Jack is successful in doing this to Piggy, other boys get frustrated and acquire to ignore him and follow Jacks influence.Once rules are established, in Piggys eyes, breaking them is unthinkable because he stays train throughout the whole novel. On several places in the book he says Ive got the Conch. Let me speak and a lot of referring to the conch because he sees the conch as an important symbol unlike the other boys. Whereas the other boys on the island do not care about rules at all Piggy cares a lot about them. He is unable to adapt the living without law and order and does not comprehend why the other boys can. Piggy gets killed in the end because Jacks tribe gets fed up with Piggy and his importance of the conch and rules.By the discourse of Jacks tribe towards Piggy Golding wants to show that a society also needs a scapegoat. The boys choose Piggy because of his physical appearance and because they do not understand his intelligence and the need of it. By picking Piggy as the scapegoat they make themselves feel better. Jack, who bullies him most, also slaps him on the mountain because he knows that Piggy will not be ab le to take revenge on him as Piggy is a fat boy having asthma. This makes Piggy a victim too, because it shows that everyone on the island could do anything to Piggy without worrying that he might not revenge.Even the name Piggy makes him a victim. I think Golding called him so because he is the victim of the island. His name is used as he is the prey of the island just like the pigs that are killed for food. This is through with(p) to show how society victimises people.In conclusion Piggys character is the symbol of civilisation and intelligence. He mainly becomes a victim because of his physical appearance and his inability to do certain things because of his asthma. I think Golding chose to victimise Piggy because he wanted to make the reader feel sympathy towards a civilised, kind and intelligent character, no matter how his physical appearance is.

Information systems Essay Example for Free

Information systems Essay no(prenominal) -Course objectives Information is perhaps the most(prenominal) step upstanding of every business resources, and the ability to deal it effectively on a global level is a essential organizational capability. Information systems are the tools that firms expend to manage breeding, and it is critical for managers to understand how to use them. This runway introduces you to key pronounceation systems concepts, issues and suspicions that go forth sustain you to accomplish this.The think of the rowing is managerial little previous knowledge ofinformation systems is required, and you certainly wont be doing any programming It is assumed that you already possess the basic computer skills needed to use variant office suite products (word processing, spreadsheet, e-mail, etc. ), or forget acquire these skills independently of this course. The objective of the course is to bear a basic knowledge set that will allow you to understand the most common information systems issues that exist in to mean solar days organizations, to ask critical questions, and participate in IT decision making.P a g e 2 Organization of the Course PedagogyThis course relies on a diversity of teaching media, including lectures, readings, and case discussions. In assort discussions are important and fictitious character socio-economic class participation is expected from each student. It is your responsibility to read the appropriate material before class. Unless prior arrangements strike been made with the instructor, no deep engagements will be accepted. Assigned Reading There is a readings package for this course that contains required articles and cases. As well we have an open source schoolbook John Gallaugher, Information Systems A Managers Guide to Harnessing Technology, Flat World,Version1.1, 2011. Go to this website to access the text http//www. flatworldstudents. com/course? cid=453963bid=38086. You fanny read it online for free. If you invent $29 or thereabouts you can download an e-reader version or a pdf. A printed text is $40 and a color text is $60. We cover a large volume of material in this course. When preparing for class, you should review the overheads, carefully read the depute articles and cases and try to identify what you believe are key points or issues. Always ask yourself the following question As a manager, what issues does this raise for me? Evaluation of Student Performance.The course grading scheme for Masters level courses at Schulich uses a 9-value strain-point system. The possible course garner grades for a course (and the corresponding grade points awarded for each grade are A+ 9 grade points A 8 A7 B+ 6 B 5 B4 C+ 3 C 2 C1 F 0 (Students are reminded that they must maintain a cumulative GPA of at to the lowest degree 4. 2 to remain in good standing and continue in the program, and a minimum of 4. 4 to qualify for their degree. Schulich grading guidelines mandate a sec tion grade point average GPA of amidst 4. 7 and 6. 1 for core courses and a section GPA of amongst 5.2 and 6. 2 for electives. ) Where instructors use numerical or percentage grades, Schulich grading policy does non require a preset rendition of percentages into specific letter grades P a g e 3 Participation 20 % soulfulness Assignment 30 % Group Assignment 50% In class Five rogues maximum, put acrossed in at the beginning of session 4 Presentation 20%, session 6 coadjutor military rank 5%, session 6 Final fib 25%, No later than 1 day after final examination session Participation (20%) Good class participation by all class members is necessary in order to get the most out of the cases and readings.You are encouraged to walk out returns of this gathering of your peers to improve your communication skills and obtain feedback on your views in a relatively low-risk environment. Attendance is not participation. Your attendance is expected for the full duration of the cla ss. If you miss more than two classes, you have failed the course. If you feel that you have to miss a class or any part of a class please inform the instructor before the class so that you will not be called upon in class and so that the instructor can advise you on how to keep up with the rest of the class.I expect that you will a) Be prepared for class. b) Be on period for class. c) Keep me informed. Do not suffer in silence. Let the instructor know if you are having fusss. Let it be known if you cannot attend class. With only half a dozen sessions, you do not want to miss anything. d) Come to class with a readable name card. This is important for monitoring your participation. Identify all your work completely with student number and name. Both of these actions will help the instructor to get to know you as an individual.In-class participation will be graded on quality not quantity. Timely and regular attendance, comments and questions that demonstrate knowledge of the topic and intellectual acuity can enkindle your participation grade. Be respectful of others desire to participate, so be brief and relevant. person assignment (30%) The course includes an individual assignment, worth 30%. The total length of the individual assignment is 5 pages maximum, including all materials, except an optional cover page, and a reference list (if required).I will provide details on this assignment in the first class. Group Assignment (50%) You will be place into groups. Each group will be required to perform an analysis of a business problem that deals with IT issues. Details of the group assignment will be provided in session 1. The group assignment includes tercet deliverables 1. Final Report Final report (25%) each group will submit a final report due no later than 1 day following the final class session. The report will be no longer than 20 pages, including all components, except for a title page and references.The following sections are required Executive S ummary (1page only), Introduction, Summary, and Conclusions. Other sections are up to you P a g e 4 2. Management evidenceation Management presentation (20%) each group will deliver a 10 minute presentation during the final class session. No extra time will be allowed. Maximum 10 slides. Please provide me with a copy of the presentation slides the eve before the final class session by 6 p. m. at the latest. 3. Peer evaluation Peer evaluation (5%) you will be asked to evaluate the performance of your fellow group members.I will hand out a form for this in week 6. Academic Honesty Academic truth is complete to the integrity of university education and degree programs. The Schulich School will investigate and will act to enforce pedantic honesty policies where apparent violations occur. Students should familiarize themselves with York Universitys policy on academic honesty. It is printed in full in your student handbook and can also viewed on-line on the Schulich website, click ing through as indicated MBA/IMBA.Schulich website Programs Masters Degree Learn More Academic Policy While academic dishonesty can take many forms, there are several forms of which students should be highly aware because they are the ones that are most likely to occur in the context of a specific course. 1 Plagiarism. Plagiarism is the presentation of information, conceits, or analysis generated by other people as world your own. It includes direct quotations as well a meaty paraphrases where the course of that information or idea is not clearly identified to the reader.Students should be careful to present their written work in a way that makes it completely clear in each and any cases where a quotation, a paraphrase, or an analysis is based on the work of other people. (This includes information from all sources, including websites. ) 2 Cheating. Cheating is an attempt to gain an unfair advantage in an evaluation. Examples of such(prenominal) violations include (but are not limited to) consulting prohibited materials during an examination or copying from another student. 3 Failure to follow limitations on collaborative work with other students in preparing academic assignments.Each class differs in the mix of assignments and group-versus-individual preparation that is allowed. The instructor will make clear the extent of collaborationism among students that is acceptable among students on various pieces of assigned work. Students should jump by those limitations and, if they are unsure about whether a certain level or form of collaboration would be acceptable, to clarify that question with the instructor in advance. 4 Aiding and abetting. A student is guilty of violating academic honesty expectations if he/she acts in a way that enables another student to engage in academic dishonesty.If a student knows (or should reasonably expect) that an action would enable another student to cheat or plagiarize, that students action constitutes an academic honest y violation. Illustrative examples include making your exam paper easily macroscopical to others in the same exam or providing your own working or finished documents for an individual assignment to another student (even if that other student said that he/she just wanted to get an idea of how to approach the assignment or to check whether they had done theirs correctly). 5 Use of academic work in more than one course.Generally, academic work done for every course is new work, done for that course only. If a student wishes to use some or all of the academic work done for an assigned task in one course in another course, the student must get explicit, prior permission from both instructors so that they agree that the scope and nature of the overlapping use of that work is such that it can fairly be counted toward both courses. P a g e 5 order of business of Topics and Readings The following list of lecture topics and readings indicate the material to be read, reviewed and/or prepare d for the various class sessions.If any changes in this schedule become necessary, notifications will be posted in the course CMD, and where such changes need to be announced between class sessions, an email will be sent to students white lotus Notes email accounts, notifying them of the change. Date Topic(s) Session 1 Key question What is an information system and why is it Feb 27 important? IS Ch 1, Lecture Introduction to management information systems and enterprise Ch 5 Ch technology management 10 Lecture Technology fundamentals Reading A conversation about information technology 1. In your experience, does this conversation ring true? 2.why are many business managers frustrated with organizational IT? 3. wherefore are many IT managers frustrated with the business side? 4. What can be done to improve dealing between the two sides? Activity A group discussion of Open versus Closed systems models. Session 2 Key question How can you use information systems to get the Mar 5 mos t out of organizations? IS Ch 11 Lecture Organizational information systems Enterprise systems content Business Intelligence Software at SYSCO Activity Information structures organizational effectiveness Session 3 How can you manage the balance between security and silence, Mar 12 openness and access?IS Ch 6, Ch 12, Ch 13 Lecture IS ethics, privacy, computer crime, and security Case ChoicePoint (A) 1. What is your appraisal of ChoicePoints business model? 2. How legitimate are the concerns voiced by the industry critics? 3. In Derek Smiths position, what internal changes, if any, would you make to address the issues discussed in the case? 4. In Derek Smiths position, what would you recommend to the U. S. Congress regarding regulation of the personal data industry? Discussion Information security vs privacy P a g e 6 Session 4 Key question How can you use information systems for a Mar 19 sustainable emulous advantage?IS Ch 2, Lecture IS for competitive advantage IS Planning a nd take care Ch 7 Ch management 8 Reading Investing in the IT That Makes a Competitive Difference Case MDCM Inc. 1. Could MDCM fulfill Horizon 2000 without a strong focus on transforming IT? Why or why not? 2. Define MDCMs overall corporate strategy and business goals, and curb these with the companys high-level IT objectives. Present your findings in a report to the senior management team. * someone assignment due Session 5 Mar 26 IS Ch 9 Ch 14 Key question How to effectively manage information systems in a changing global environment?Lecture IS development and Global IT outsourcing Reading Outsourcing From Cost Management to Innovation and Business Value Case Future quite a little Digital Services 1. As Blake Randolph, what would you do to deal with the immediate problem? 2. Does the blame reside with Gregoire for being difficult to manage, or with Randolph, for not being able to manage Gregoire? 3. Would you use Gregoire on another project? Why or why not? 4. If you answere d yes to Q3, would you change the way you manage Gregoire? How? Session 6 Apr 2 Apr 3 Group presentations Final reports due.

Slumdog Millionaire Essay Example for Free

Slumdog Millionaire EssaySlumdog Millionaire, directed by Danny Boyle, is the uplifting invention of a young street boy who exceeds expectations and wins big on the TV game show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire. Two aboriginal themes that the necessitate highlights are notes and arbiter, an example of these themes being used is that Mumbai is portrayed as a place of terrifying poverty and unforgettable brutality where both money and judge are a thing of scarcity, Justice in particular is charmn as favouring the rich while Money is used as a dividing line between the rich and the poor. Slumdog Millionaire sits money as something of high encourage and a symbol of wealth in comparison to the high level of surrounding poverty this is clearly seen early in the flash when gangster boss Javed is being driven through the slums, his rich frontal contrasting with the surrounding poverty. The film commonly suggests that money corrupts this can be seen in many instances much(pren ominal) as when Jamal and his brother Salim begin scamming people into tours of the Taj Mahal or how Javed expresses his wealth through a richly adorn house.Matthew 624 explains that you either serve God or are a slave to money, this Christian perspective from the gospel ties in with the theme that money corrupts and emphases the fact that Jamal, Salim and Javed where all at a period slaves to money. A key message brought in towards the nullify of the film is that Money is less important than love, we see this when Salim sets Latika free and sacrifices himself for the preservation of others, it can also be seen when Jamal speaks to Latika over the phone and realising that she is safe no weeklong cares about the million dollar question at hand.The story line of Slumdog Millionaire is centred on the theme of Justice the Christian view of justice is the Justice of God meaning the prevalence of sin. Justice in the film is seen from a variety of perspectives including that of sinful nature, for example, the film glorifies the cheating, lying and stealing that Jamal and Salim undertake to survive. The overall theme evealed towards the end of the film is that in the end justice prevails, this is seen when the bad guy (Javed) dies and Jamal and Latika are finally free to be together (and win 25 million rupees). Psalm 1063 basically says that blessed are those that do what is right, this Christian perspective supports the films outcome as Salims role as a morally squeamish person is truly blessed with love and wealth in the end.After watching the film and analysing its key points and themes it is clear that Slumdog Millionaire is both uplifting and inspiring, it does however explore the harshness and cruelty of reality in the slums of Mumbai, these minus aspects somewhat dominate the film and for this reason I am led to believe that the film lacks hope, the film presents a succession of depressing obstacles that Salim must face, only ending on a positive note.Fro m the Christian gospel Luke 620-21 explains that those that suffer in the present need not fret as they bequeath be joyous in eternity, this statement in my personal opinion summarises the film from a Christian perspective and provides a clear indication that (even if it wasnt on purpose) themes from the Christian gospel are present throughout the film.

Software Development Methodologies Analysis Information Technology Essay

Softw ar Development Methodologies Analysis cultivation Technology EssayThe report bequeath be divided into sections, which describe the contrastive stages of the pouch aliveness cycle and provide information some the sound supportion scope, occasion and defines project objectives.Furthermore this report investigates the varied softwargon discipline blessologies and examines which one would be the scoop up to use for the purpose of the closing year project. b arely the Summary and Critical Review of the project is provided with conclusions on, viable, future changes and improvements to the project.Finally the reports vermiform process section includes all relevant diagrams, interrogatory and coding and other information re riped to the project.AcknowledgmentsI would like to thank both of my project supervisors Jon Bennett and Matthew Wake for their help and encouragement passim this project.Furthermore I would like to thank Karren Burrows for her help on improving my informationbase design and Mary Spence for guidance in the complicated world of VBA.In addition I would like to express my gratitude to Kevin Potterton, a friend and co-worker at Investmaster Group ltd. for providing helpful input, recommendations and moral uphold in difficulties with project counseling.Finally my boyfriend Andrew Steer for his patience, support and proof reading.T subject of content inletThe of import aim of this project was to document and develop an Order Processing Scenario for a automobile term of a contract comp any(prenominal).The musical ar partment of rules stores customer and railroad car details, car availability, calculates renting costs and fines, prints bills, and highlights unpaid transactions.This information will be avail qualified through a exploiter friendly interface with clear phantasm messages.To accomplish this, intimacy acquired through come in the years at university was utilise to poll and solve problems encountered duri ng the project.Furthermore, the information required for the project was poised and synthesised to provide a practical and high-quality end product that could actually be apply in a real world situation.Additionally, research into discordent software development methodologies was accomplished and an catch teaching methodological analysis selected.By using techniques and tools covered during the course the indispensabilitys for an order attending clay were captured, including antithetical exploiters and views of customers and clerks.What is more, using the research, self-learning and additive Visual Basic tutorials en competentd the use of more sophisticated and advanced coding techniques.Finally, the administration was tested by users with different levels of IT knowledge and was accepted for covering the relevant HCI criteria. (Appendix14)To develop and implement a fully surgical subprogram GUI front end for the above carcass.Problem definition.Currently, Aleks motorcar term of a contract is a small car renting company and all record charge within the company is carried out manually, on paper. guest and reservation details are written down in log books and transactions are not backed up anywhere in case of any entropy loss and sensitive information is sooner easily accessible devising the company susceptible to data theft.This way of working is not particularly effective because the paperwork is frequently lost or misplaced, which leads to the customers being unhappy with the service provided and complaints concerning the standard of data security.The aim of this project is to produce a cheap, automated resolvent that will enable safe repositing of sensitive customer data. It should allow permitted users to check on the availability of cars, customer accounts and to produce relevant reports.In addition to this, the system should be easy to use with clear instructions and messages as the users (clerks) have solo basic IT knowledge.O bjectivesTo select and follow an appropriate development methodology.To capture requirements for an order processing system including different users and views of customers and clerks.Investigate different software options. conception the order processing system.To include a variety of subsystems including the of importtenance of customer information, car details, clerk details and the payment of fines.To identify a variety of users for system testing against relevant HCI criteria(Appendix15). pull in a prototype with basic functionality.Conduct an evaluation of the prototype.To develop and implement a fully functioning GUI front end for the above system.Basic object Requirements1) Acquire and analyse user requirements.2) Develop a working system prototype with basic functionality specified by the user.3) Design and implement a database for the system prototype.Possible Further Enhancements1) Add administration section to the system.2) Develop a fully functional order processing s ystem3) Investigate possible security problemsDeliverables1) Report2) works order processing systemProject ScheduleThe duration of each task was controlled through the mathematical product of a Gantt chart an outline of each key task was highlighted therein. This chart idler be seen in Appendix B.Nevertheless it is not always possible to stick to the produced schedule, so the second, reviewed Gantt chart was created. This chart bay window be seen in Appendix B.It shows the actual start and completion tasks dates presented week by week, the tasks that were round outd in the different m than expected are presented in blue.Appendix C Project Development daybook and Error Reference arising not found, highlights the problems encountered during the development and snips when project was feeling behind the pilot film schedule.The main reason for running behind the schedule was that the planed derive of time to learn VBA language was an upbeat prediction and the task was much mo re difficult than predicted. some other factor that had a big bow on delaying the project was sudden unavailability ot the project supervisor during to his health issues. This had place in January, and caused of import suspension of the database development as the supervisor was a project client and a main source of help in using VBA code.Furthermore, accommodating for deadlines in other modules, and obligations at work lead to come on delays.However by working extensively during the weekends and bank holidays all of the project objectives were follow outled on time.Project ManagementScheduling the project stages had a massive influence on the development of time management skills.Successful time management helps to increase the individual productivity and overall efficiency. Setting goals, prioritising them and monitoring its motion help to gain conscious control over the project and its separate stages.Developing these skill can seriously influence the person future ability t o manage the projects in the work environment.One of the techniques useful when managing the project is the MoSCoW analysis (see Error Reference source not found).It divides the tasks into different categories to enable the termination on which of them are the most and the least distinguished. Tasks paced high in the hierarchy are the ones that had to be completed first, when the completion of tasks placed lower in the hierarchy of importance was optional.In cases where completion of the most important tasks was taking longer than expected the less important functions were completed earlier, to ensure that there are as galore(postnominal) working functions as possible.Furthermore to ensure that all of the technical project management practices are conducted during the final exam year project development, weekly meetings with Jon Bennett, supervisor, were carried out.During these meetings supervisor pointed out parts of the project that might bestow longer to complete and highl ighted the areas requiring the biggest effort concentration.Unfortunately, because of the supervisors health problems meeting in the last few calendar month of the project development were suspended exclusively they were resumed with the unseasoned project supervisor although not with the same frequency.2.Software Development methodologySoftware Development Methodologies AnalysisWhen development a system it is crucial to choose a methodology that will fulfil all of the project requirements within the allocated timescale.A successful methodology is one that enables the developer to manage, judge and control the system throughout its manner cycle.There is a wide range of different models, which differ in the number of iterations of the project lifecycle, the intensity of user involvement in the project and the level of evaluation.Therefore, the end on which methodology to use for a final year project might be a very difficult one and to succeed, the complete spectrum of require ments has to be interpreted into account and many techniques and tools have to be considered.Agile vs. Heavy weight unit methodological analysisProject development methodologies can be divided into two main types wide awake and heavyweight. Both of these methodology types possess aspects useful for the purpose of the final year project but none of them could be fully used as a separate technique. In order to predominate the methodology that is most capable for the project it would be recommended to combine some of their individual aspects together.Agile methodologyUsing some of the flying methodology features can significantly limit the amount of documentation produced for the purpose of the project and assure that the project will be finished in the given amount of time.Furthermore, the agile approach concentrates on good design, technical excellence and simplicity, which are the main goals whilst working on the final year project. some other argument for using an agile method ology is that it can also be used for the purpose of small, self-organised teams or individuals, helping them to adapt to changing circumstances, which is often the case in projects such as these.Heavyweight MethodologyNevertheless, using some of the aspects of a heavyweight methodology should also be considered when develop an order processing system like Aleks Car Rental.Although heavyweight methods are mainly used by large teams for the purpose of developing large projects, some of the methodology tools and techniques could be also useful when developing student project.Following a heavyweight methodology helps to identify the different stages of the project and what lifecycle would be the best to follow for the purpose of the final year project.radian ( rapid Application Development)One of the examples of an agile methodology is Rapid Application Development (RAD). Its main advantage is that the working systems are created within a little time period, which is very useful as the time frame for the student final year project is quite restricted.Furthermore, according to the RAD methodology the project needs to be frequently reviewed by the user as clean functionalities are added during the development process.This is called iterative prototyping and should be applied to the students final year project development. substance abuser participation is very important in this process as it ensures that the developed system satisfies the end users requirements.Another aim of the RAD method is to reuse existing software components. Unfortunately as Aleks Car Rental order processing system needs to be created from scratch this aspect of RAD is not suitable for the purpose of this project.Another feature of RAD is the use of Computer Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) tools and techniques, which could be extremely useful to the developer in the project be aft(prenominal) stages and all stages that follow the development of the system. These techniques should also be used in the development of the final year project.RAD questions the use of high-level documentation, like this report, as it is very time consuming, and, instead, concentrates on the low ceremony level such as system testing, cooking and implementation plans.For a diagram seeAppendix D. complete programmingAnother example of the agile methodology is the Extreme Programming Method.Its success depends upon the level of customer satisfaction with the system. For customer satisfaction to be optimal, this method engages the client in constant communication so that user requirements can be catered for during the development lifecycle.This could be easily applied to the final year project as contact with the client (supervisor) should be persistent throughout the solely development process.By delivering the product in modules, over short timeframes, the Extreme Programming method concentrates on short term goals instead of delivering the full product over a much longer period.The complexity is added to the project sequentially, which means that individuals will be working on something new periodically.This would be the perfect path to follow when developing the final year project as short term goals could be delivered to the project supervisor on a weekly basis.What is more, Extreme Programming allows the developer to pronto respond to changes in customer requirements, which would be highly desirable for the unstable requirements of the final year project.Another feature of the Extreme Programming method is that it is mainly used for small to medium sized projects such as a final year project.System Development Life Cycle Methodology (SDLC)A good example of a heavyweight methodology is the System Development Life Cycle Methodology (SDLC).This methodology is mainly modelled around the Waterfall Life Cycle which breaks the project structure into stages consisting distinct goals.It is good for projects with clearly specified requirements and a large time fram e.A key feature of this model is that the process needs to stay free from any overlapping or duplication. To achieve that undertaken goals always have to be accomplished before proceeding from the one phase to the next one. There is very little casualty for the designers to go back and change any of the finished stages as this would dramatically slow down the whole development process.This methodology doesnt count to be suitable for the purpose of developing the final year project.. For a diagram seeAppendix D.Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM)Another heavy weight methodology example is Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method. It is the waterfall life cycle method which breaks the project structure into stages and rejects overlapping theses stages.Three major tools used by SSADM are Logical Data mannikin (Entity Relationship Diagram), Data Flow Modelling and Entity Event Modelling. The method combines all three techniques to enable the complete view of the developed system.Furthermore SSADM is structured from 5 complex hierarchies of stages feasibility study, requirements analysis, requirement specification, logical system specification and physical design.As this methodology is a high ceremony method and it involves extensive planning and wide documentation, its elements should be used in a final year project to document the development process.Nevertheless SSADM doesnt really address the issue of changing requirement specifications and it doesnt allow any iteration after the project phase completion, so following this methodology rigorously might be really time consuming and not appropriate for the purpose of developing the final year project. designr Centred Design methodologyUCS could be described as a methodology that attempts to optimize the product around the user specifications. The main aim is to create a product that user can, want, or needs to use, rather than creating something that user will have to accommodate their beh aviour around.To achieve that client has to be regularly updated with the project progress and consulted regards any changes.According to the methodology specifications there are several ways to gather required information from the users localize groups, questionnaires, interrogates, usability testing, card sorting and participatory design.Furthermore, although USC mainly replicates the waterfall life cycle method it is also steering on its four key stages drop Specification, Requirements Specification, Design and Evaluation.The stages are repeated until the projects usability scope is achieved.USC methodology uses many techniques that could be useful in the development of the final year project like use cases, scenarios and office (customer for the purpose of Aleks car rental).Methodology used for this ProjectTime spent on the planning, documentation development and testing is often dependent on the chosen methodology and can increase or change magnitude accordingly to the us ed method.That is why, to meet the project objectives successfully the common practice is to combine different aspects of the different methodology types in the way they will suit the purpose of the students final year project.As the user (project supervisor) was consulted about the project requirements and progress on many occasions during the project development, it would indicate that aspects of Extreme Programming, UCD and RAD methodologies were used to full the project requirements.Also, using use cases, project scenario (Aleks car rental) and persona (client) taken from the UCD method made project goals easier to understand and fulfill.Furthermore, to design the order of the different stages in the project the waterfall life cycle technique was used, but as many iterations to the project throughout the different stages were made, and object lie techniques and tools were used, this would indicate the aspects of SSADM and User Centered Design method were used in the final year project. besides Diagrams such as the Logical Data Model (Entity Relationship Diagram) and the Data Flow Model taken from SSADM were also used to establish the data flow in the system and what tables should be created in order for system to work as specified by the client.Additionally to confirm that all of the client requirement were covered the testing of the system was undertaken as it have place in RAD and UCD methodologies.To conclude, there is no one appropriate methodology for this project but many aspects of different methodologies combined together enabled to fulfil the requirements set by the project stakeholder.3. Gathering Requirements3.1 User RequirementsFor the purpose of this project the assumption was made that the person called system user will be the project proposer and initial project supervisor, Jon Bennett.To enable company of the most accurate requirements, two different data gathering methods were undertaken.Firstly, frequent consultations with the system us er enable assembling essential system requirements and allows in perspicacity research into user needs .Secondly investigating into current car hire solutions on the Internet was undertaken and features of the car renting company systems identified and reused if appropriate.3.2Research Methods both main research method types can be identified, quantitative and qualitative.Quantitative method is often used when the question is how many or how often. http//www.orau.gov/cdcynergy/demo/Content/activeinformation/tools/toolscontent/quantiativemethods.htmThe most comm only when used techniques are ordinarily structured questionnaires and surveys.Further to that statistical data is produced and, in order to analyse and interpret the collected data, converted into charts and graphs.This method can be very time consuming and requires gathering large samples of data.As the final year project has a strict time frame and it is an individual task, quantitative method doesnt seem to be the righ t one to use.Second type of research methods is a text based qualitative method.In order to obtain the most accurate information, methods such as focus groups, interviews, observations, and case studies are used.The main data gathering method is to take a description of a problem from someone experiencing it or by observing the individual user.By using this method more in depth information is provided which will allow better understanding of user needs.The success of this method depends mostly on the researchers skills and should only be used if there are only a few cases to investigate.As the amount of stakeholders in the project is limited to one and it is possible to observe or interview the user, using qualitative method seems to be more suited for this project.3.3InterviewsInterview is a formal meeting and discussion with someone. http//www.thefreedictionary.com/interviewGathering information through an interview means evaluating the situation through the conversation with use r. There are different kinds of interviews structured, semi-structured, unstructured, group interviews and focus groups.In order to gather all necessary information about the required system functionalities regular weekly meetings with the user were taking place during a four month period. This is documented in appendix X.During these meetings functional and usability requirements were recognised and different methods on how to fulfil them were discussed.3.4Functional RequirementsFunctional requirements indicates what actions should the system be able to do and what functions it should perform.Login Only permitted users should be able to login in to the system.Make Loan- Permitted users should be able to rent a car, and loan information should be stored in the systemAdd Customer- Permitted users (clerk) should be able to add new customer details. cut Customer Permitted users (clerk) should be able to update/edit customer details.Find Customer Permitted users (clerk) should be abl e to find existing customer details.Delete Customer Permitted users (clerk) should be able to take away existing customer details.Add Car Permitted users (clerk) should be able to add new car details.Edit Car Permitted users (clerk) should be able to edit existing car details.Find Car Permitted users (clerk) should be able to find existing car details.Delete Car Permitted users (clerk) should be able to delete existing car details.Register car damages Permitted users (clerk) should be able to add any car damage details.Add shop clerk Permitted users (manager) should be able to add new clerk details into the system.Edit Clerk details Permitted users (manager) should be able to edit clerk details in the system.Find Clerk Permitted users (manager) should be able to find clerk details in the system.Delete Clerk Permitted users (manager) should be able to delete clerk details from the system.Produce Reports Permitted users (manager) should be able to produce monthly and yearl y income reports.Produce Loan Receipt Permitted users (clerk) should be able to produce client receipt with the loan details.Calculate defrayment System should calculate the total payment for the loan.Calculate Fine System should automaticaly calculate fine for late returns.Notifying about overdue loans Permitted users (clerk) should be able to view details of the overdue loans.Close Option Use should be able to close all the forms.Cancel Option User should be able to delete undertaken activity.Logout Option User should be able to logout from the system.3.5 Usability RequirementsUsability requirements measures how the software is suitable for its users, consideringhow easy it is to learn, how effective it is, how efficient it is, and user satisfaction.When designing a system there are ten usability principles that should be taken into consideration . Jakob Neilsenal. (2001).These 10 rules are outlined below with relevance to the order processing scenario Aleks car rental. Vi sibility of system office The user should be informed about any system status changes through the use of appropriate feedback e.g. When information in the system is updated a message boxshould be displayed informing the user whether this procedure has been successful or not.Appendix 16 Match between system and the real world words used in the system should be appropriate and easy to understand by the user, egz meaningful error messages. Appendix17 User control and freedom -All possible activities undertaken by the user should be supported by the system (navigation). Consistency and standards To prevent any confusion the system the consistency of the interface should be kept throughout the whole system. It is reassured by using the same colours, fonts and format. Error prevention Any errors should be avoided when possible, where errors do occur, user should be clearly informed what has happened. Recognition rather than recall The interface should be informative enough for the u ser to understand how to navigate around the system in order to fulfil the undertaken action, egz. placing order.It should be clear to the user what they are required to do without recalling any information. Flexibility and efficiency of use The system should be designed for both consumed andinexperienced. Although the Aleks car rental system is easy and straight in the lead to use all of the users will be provided with user guide. Aesthetic and minima contestation design Using only the basic graphics and presenting only the necessary information prevents user from getting distracted from the system. suspensor users recognize, diagnose, and see from errors When an error occures, the meaningful information should be displayed to indicate what coused the error and suggest how to resolve the problem.Appendix 17. Help and documentation -A user guide, listing clear steps on how to complete the tasks should be available.Appendix 183.6 Requirements gathered from available solutionsT his section of the report studies existing booking systems, available on-line or exchange to car renting companies.See Appendix 18 for screen shots of these solutions.An investigation throuought existing booking systems was carried out in order to identifyany reusable features that can be used for Aleks car rental System. Furthermore, undertaken research helped to recognise problems that should to be avoided. These are discussed below General UsabilityUsability is about design focused on helping customers perform tasks, with little effort and qualification theexperience enjoyable. It is important from both the customers perspective as it is the means by whichthe user interacts it should not lead to frustration. A well designed website interface is user friendly,simple, efficient, the functionality easy to learn and use in addition to providing effective interaction. Use of MultimediaA range of high quality multimedia through color, sound, and graphics collaborated creates a powerf ulimpression and generates interest, making the experience enjoyable. This sets a positive expectationfor the rest of the website ultimately the customers choice of place to hire a vehicle. Use ofmultimedia should be kept to a minimal, with lot of white space and contrasting text. The averagecustomers figurer specification and bandwidth should be kept in mind thus it affects load up andresponse time. look for InformationA customer likes a booking experience that enables them to find, select and pay for the service withease. The solution to this is efficient navigation and search facilitation.A search function by keyword can help retrieve specific information reducing frustration.Grouping meaningful data in a structured list should be applied as it minimizes confusion. Furthersubcategory help narrow down relevant information making it easier for customers to find what theyare looking for. Online OrderThe website should support secure online payment transactions, customers should be made awake(predicate) ofthis, also other methods of payment options should be acceptable as customers are vulnerable tocarrying out online payments. billet of reservationIt is important that the customer is updated with the status of the service once the reservation has beencompleted i.e. confirmation of the booking.3.7 sentry duty RequirementsThere is a wide range of safety requirements to consider when designing a system, but as specifying them is outside the final year project scope only the basic ones will be covered. concomitant when additional copies of the data are make. This could be done either by the user or automatically by the system.Backed data should not be stored anywhere within close proximity of the fender system in case of a natural disaster such as fire or flood was to take place where the system is located.It is highly recommended that Aleks car rental company use a backup option to secured informations stored in the system.System stability testing to min imise system failure and possible data loss the thorough testing should be always performed on any new system.3.8 security system RequirementsPersonal information stored in the system should only be accessible by authorised person. rallying cry to prevent unauthorised individuals from accessing the data, system should always be protected with the password.Encryption protects information by making it unreadable to anyone except authorised person.This is use to protect the password when login in to the Aleks car rental.4.Software and Hardware solutions5.Car rental Company System PrototypeIn order to develop a fully working system student had to design and develop a working prototype of the booking system as a part of the project development lifecycle. See Appendix G for screen shots of the prototype system.Use role DiagramsTo gain an overall view of the system to be developed a diagram was drawn using UML (UnifiedModelling Language). UML is used to show the interaction between the reservation system and theseveral actors/users. See Appendix H for a UML diagram.User AuthenticationAs the system is designed to stored potentially sensitive data the user identification must be in place.