Brotherhood: Natalie Portman and Brothers

Brotherhood is deeper than any words can really explain, for it is a responsibility and a bond between people. Basically, it is a group of people coming together for a common purpose; however, these people share a stronger connection that few can understand. It is almost like a family, for each brother exhibits brother-like qualities, in the respect that they care for you and try to help you out. From my experience with my brother back home, brothers may not always agree with you and they might argue with you sometimes, but by the end of the day, they are still there for you. It is that bond between you that separates you from a lot of other people, and it is up to a brother to uphold his end of the bond, for he has to make sure it is strong. He needs to be responsible and never let his brothers down. For example, in my past (although this may seem kind of sad on my part), my brother has broken my arm, hit me with a bat, thrown a brick at me, and chipped my tooth, but I remained loyal to him. Up to this day, he and I are closer than ever. And of course I was mad at the time, when that all happened, but I knew deep down inside there’s still a matter of love and respect from one another. That is another thing about brotherhood: it cannot be walked away from because once you are a part of a brotherhood, you are brothers for life. Brothers are there for you when you are at your best and worst, standing by your side at all time. Although things may seem horrible at the time, brothers can really make you look past it and make you look at the bright side of things. Overall, brothers make up a brotherhood, and these brothers instill their values in you so you can be taught right and hopefully, become a better person for it.

The Impact of Daycare on Infants

55% of American mothers now return to work by the time their children are one years old — out of either financial, professional, or personal necessity. In today’s society, there are concerns as to whether attending daycare during infancy produces negative or positive effects on the development of children. Many of these concerns are influenced by the fear that separating an infant from its mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. No study finds that children of employed mothers suffer solely because their mothers are working. Research has shown that mothers who work spend as much time playing with their babies as do mothers without outside jobs (Huston & Aronson, 2005). It has also been questioned as to whether home-based maternal care or nonrelatives day-care provide the child with more opportunity to develop cognitively and socially (Belsky and Steinberg 1978, Field 1991, Lamb 1996, Peisner-Feinberg et al. 2001). There has been research that has found positive effects of day-care on children’s social and cognitive development and suggests that perhaps child-care centers encourage more social interaction than the environment of a home-reared child. There may be more stimulation in day-care and more communication and sharing to be learned, therefore enhancing these abilities of the children who attend them (Peisner-Feinberg et al. 2001). Evidence shows that a good preschool education is beneficial to young children. Children who attend preschool have a head start when they begin elementary school having learned basic concepts in a preschool center. Some of the negative effects a child may experience while attending a child care center include high child to adult ratios, insufficient materials and equipment, staff with inadequate training and experience, and caregiver burnout. There are truly some wonderful and caregivers and daycares out there. Choosing the best one is a very important decision that a parent has to make. How Do You Choose A Good Day Care Center Choosing a day care center is one of the more important decisions parents can make on behalf of their child. While it may be tempting to be swayed by a center based on rates, location or even decor, there are several other factors to consider. When visiting a center there are several questions one can ask the director of the facility to determine if it’s the right one for your child or if you should keep looking (Maughan, 2008). 1. What are the operating hours of the facility 2. How are the children grouped in classes 3. What is the teacher to child ratio for each class 4. What is the centers check in and check out procedures 5. What is the centers policy on disciplinary action for children In addition to these questions a parent should tour the facility and go over the safety procedures for the facility. Word of mouth is also a good resource. Talk to family and friends and find out if and where their infant went to daycare. What would you tell a parent of an infant who is concerned about harming their baby by placing them in Day Care, but must work because of economic necessity? I would tell a parent who must place there infant in daycare to not worry. It won’t cause any harm to their child. As long as they put them in a good quality childcare facility the infant will be ok. The important thing for the parent is to do there homework ahead of time when looking for a facility. The parent can call the facility to see how there child is doing throughout the day. Some facilities even have cameras so the parent can actually see what there child is doing. This may ease the parents mind throughout the day so they won’t be so worried about what is going on with their child. According to the NICHD daycare seems detrimental only when the mother is insensitive and the infant spends more than 20 hours a week in a poor quality program (NICHD, 2005).

Retail Employee Management-Assignment 2_02 Assignment

Retail Employee Management- 2_02 - Assignment Example The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 was a bill introduced and sponsored by Senator Robert A. Taft and Representative Fred A. Hartley. Its main objective was to amend parts of the Wagner act of 1935 (International Association of Fire Chiefs, 2010). The bill stated proposed the following changes to the Wagner bill. It was illegal for trade unions to contribute funds towards a political campaign. The president had the mandate to appoint a special board of inquiry to investigate disputes among the trade unions if he thought the disagreements were a threat to national security. The bill (act) also required the union leaders to take oaths to prove they were not communists. After tense lobbing and opposition to the bill by President Harry S. Truman, the Senate went ahead and approved it on July 23, 1947. The Landrum-Griffin Act also known as the labor-management reporting and disclosure act was named after its sponsors` Representative Phillip M. Landrum and Senator Robert P. Griffin (International Association of Fire Chiefs, 2010). The act prevents corruption within the trade unions and to guarantee the union members that the affairs of the trade unions would be conducted democratically. It was after an investigation on union corruption and racketeering was done, and the results showed that some of the trade unionists were indeed corrupt and unscrupulous. President Dwight Eisenhower signed the bill into law in 1957. The Brynes act is a federal law that was enacted in 1936. It is also known as the Anti-breaking law. The act prevents the movement and transportation of strikebreakers. The act states it is a crime to employ an individual, who has engaged or resorted to using force during labor disputes. The use of threats and force is prohibited by the act. Some of the acts prohibited include stirring up violence and inciting fellow workers to violence. Offenders of the Byrne’s act are punished through fines and in cases of extreme

Determine whether ethnocentrism or ethical relativism apply for Essay

Determine whether ethnocentrism or ethical relativism apply for specific cross-cultural business circumstances - Essay Example Therefore, business leaders and executives should critically evaluate their business circumstances, especially for those involving specific cross-cultural situations, in order to avoid applying ethnocentrism, which may jeopardize the business transactions. For instance, one of the parties to the business contract may pull away if he or she feels considered as a junior partner to the contract due to his or her culture or religion (Egger, 2008). Ethical relativism is a similar practice to ethnocentrism whereby an individual tends to make ethical choices basing on what he or she feels is reasonable or right in accordance with an individual’s own value system or belief. Globalization intensified the interaction of different cultures across the world. This demands that business leaders as well as executives apply considerable accommodation to new cultures and beliefs whenever dealing with cross-cultural business transactions to avoid offending the other party to the contract or bus iness deal. In most circumstances, business leaders use language barriers as a basis to judge other cultures, e.g. the fact that English is the international language in the world does not mean that those who do not know the language do not have anything valuable to offer. Therefore, it is necessary to apply considerable accommodation to such cultural differences in order to foster understanding, e.g. hiring an interpreter to mediate between them during a business transaction (Guffey, Rhodes & Rogin, 2008). International business ethics refers to the standardized cord of ethics or norms that guides the conduct of transacting businesses in an international field. Due to the conflicting provisions of cultures as well as religions across the world, business have to adhere to the set cord of ethics while doing international business in order to facilitate smooth transaction across various cultures. Furthermore, international business ethics enables the companies as well as their represe ntatives and agents to stay above ethnocentrism or ethical relativism. However, global leaders as well as guardians of international trade such as the United Nations have a stipulated set of recognized norms that businesses have to abide to, such as the UN Global Impact. This provision enables businesses to engage professionally when confronted with cross cultural business circumstances as well as maintain cordial business relations with their partners (Jhingran, 2001). Some of the common aspects of international business ethics include: Environment friendly technologies Eradicating corruption, extortion, and bribery Promote environmental responsibility. Eliminate employment discrimination. Eliminate forced and compulsory labor. Eradicate child labor and slavery. Foster international cooperation. Despite the need to conform to international business ethics, there are situations that require business executives as well as marketing professionals to apply local culture when determinin g their ethical practices. This is especially in cases where the business transaction has a lot more sentimental value as compared to its commercial value. Take for instance in a business transaction that involves dealing with antiques and traditional artifacts such as monuments, curving, drawings and idols. These artifacts have a certain protocol of handling them, failure to which it may cast an evil

Company Profile Project on American Airlines Essay

Company Profile Project on American Airlines - Essay Example He has always advocated for consolidation in the airline industry so as to create a stable as well as a competitive environment for its employees, the nearby community and the shareholders. Beverly K. Goulet who is the Senior Vice President and Chief Integration Officer plays the role of worldwide functional manager. Beverly Goulet previously served as the chief restructuring officer of AMR Corp and led the restructuring process in chapter 11 of America’s constitution as well as in the analysis and negotiation of American’s merger with the US Airways. As the worldwide functional manager, she is charged with the role of leveraging knowledge as well as innovations across the various functional departments within the company. The position is held by Stephen L. Johnson as the Executive Vice President Corporate Affairs and Assistant Secretary. Johnson holds a Masters of Business Administration as well as Juris Doctor from the University of California. He further holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from California State University. As the geographic subsidiary manager, he operates as a bicultural interpreter who is in charge of linking different cultures within the company. He is at the forefront in the implementation of corporate as well as global strategies aimed at transforming the image of the company globally. Within the American Airlines, top-level managers include J. Scott Kirby who is the president and Elise R Erbwein who serves as the vice president. Kirby first served as the president of US Airways and he saw a number of major achievements in the airline industry. The top-level managers are responsible for overseeing the operations of the entire organization. They come up with strategic plans as well as setting a tone at the top of the organization so as to ensure smooth operations in the entire organization.

Assignment4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment4 - Assignment Example It is simple for learners to get disappointed in a class of blended capability. Stronger students may feel kept down weaker people may feel compelled. The instructor may feel focused. The best answer for this is to have an open-class talk about the classroom circumstance - to guarantee the best for everybody it is better to recognize the circumstances and for everybody to concur how to manage it. It is most likely best to stage and structure the talk (Reyes, 2014). All classes are blended capacity to one degree or an alternate. Great cases, when you have close local level speakers with novices, could be extremely trying for the instructor. In these cases, it is vital to recall that all learners will get something out of the class, however not so much the same things, and not so much, what you expect to show them! For instance, the tenderfoots may start to get a grip of your classroom dialect whilst the stronger understudies may start to have the capacity to put another strained into utilization. A class of thirty students learning English in a mixed ability class can be very tedious and challenging for any teacher. In this class, there will be a percentage of students that will not be at the same pase as other students. Grade four English is one of the fundamental bases of English. One needs to pass this stage of English so that they can be conversant and fluent with English. A grade four English teaches the students how to read and write new vocabularies, presenting and language structure. These are very vital in learning how to speak and writing the English language. The formative differences that exists in any optional and/or upper auxiliary school requests that instructors can consider the circumstances and make a move, they should proficient to utilize techniques that make it feasible for all scholars to encounter accomplishment by means applying the perfect specified in the educational program under the heading (Solatorio, 2014). Multi-level

De Beers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

De Beers - Case Study Example This $400 million employs 760 people, working day and night. De Beers is at present being faced with a quantity of new challenges that are making it essential for us to believe a change in the way that they do business. With new chaos in Western Africa, where illegal diamonds are starting to come from war torn villages, as well as other sources of diamonds are being discovered in Russia as well as Australia, it is obvious that they seriously need to start to move into the U.S. market. Antitrust law permits the imposition of a maximum fine of $10 million, or twice the gain or loss caused by a price-fixing scheme. The indictment does not specify how much the scheme cost purchasers of industrial diamonds. (http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/10/business/worldbusiness/10diamond.htmlex=1247112000&en=20aa08705cd558b8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland) A PEST analysis has been performed on the current situation facing De Beers. In the following section, I will focus on the most important problems identified in the PEST analysis for which we must find solutions and also on the most important positive forces that we must leverage to our advantage in order to maintain or gain market share. Please see Exhibit 1 for details on the PEST analysis and additional information on other issues we are facing and forces that might help or hinder our market share in the U.S. The most important of the problems we are faced with are due to Political issues in the United States and elsewhere. Due to war in western Africa, diamonds are beginning to flow from the war torn fields of Sierra Leone and Angola, and in Russia, mines are being controlled locally as opposed to in collaboration with De Beers. These challenges alone pose a threat to the power that De Beers currently holds over the diamond industry. Due to these challenges, we initiated a branding campaign attempting to brand De Beers diamonds to the consumers. This campaign was cantered in the U.S., where "legally, the entire De Beers group - its officers, its operations, its marketing structure - was in violation of the U.S. antitrust law" .This prohibited De Beers from directly selling in the United States. Additionally, a political issue that we need to leverage to our advantage is the U.S. foreign policy towards helping to rebuild Africa. These political issues will be further addressed in the reco mmendations section. Economically, there is an expected surge in diamond sales expected to occur in the U.S. this year. This emphasizes

Personal Development And Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Personal Development And Ethics - Assignment Example The second part will consist of a reflective evaluation that will entail a detailed self assessment and analysis as a team member in the context of personal development. a. The main elements of a business are the various activities related to that business and the products offered. The products of my business will include baked cakes, cookies, biscuits and sandwiches. Business activities/services will include customisation, packaging, delivery and shipping of the products. Marketing will be done through news media and social networking. Knowledge: Managerial and financial knowledge is critical. The management must be headed by a competent team of professionals proficient in knowledge management. Identification of business liabilities and assets is essential for developing a sound financial knowledge of the business itself. Since large amounts of investment are to be made, money should be burrowed from a reputed bank. Key financial information like the annual report, balance sheet, etc. regarding the bank should be analysed by the management to evaluate the institution as a financier. Knowledge of assets and liabilities should be clear. For example, the loans secured will be liabilities while the food processing plant and the office building will be assets. Moreover, technological knowledge is also important. The management must have a sound understanding of the food processing machinery like the biscuit making and dough mixing machines, sugar grinding machines, sandwiching machines, etc. Food products machinery, eq uipped with computerised control systems, coupled with highly flexible, automated equipment lines, will increase the overall efficiency of the business (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1994). Knowledge of the market is also very important. Through surveys and research, the company must identify its potential customers and also sort out the resourceful suppliers. Skills: Management skills like emotional intelligence,

Being asian in north America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Being asian in north America - Assignment Example At the onset of her college days, Ruth experienced both negative and positive reactions from the community she interacted. Her Race influenced a lot the setbacks. Embarrassment greeted Ruth immediately she met with her roommate. The colleague inquired on the duration she has been in America. At another instance, the professor assumed her to be Japanese and insisted on knowing her opinion regarding Japanese style of management. As time progressed, at another incident author reveals a resident assistant who paused uncontrollably upon meeting Ruth. She expected her to be a Swedish. Furthermore, her fellow Asian colleague criticised a lot. They required Ruth to understand in their native language. The scenarios depict Ruth being turned away with a judgemental smile. Finally, the author talks of a situation in which Ruth had gone on a date with a white man. A Chinese girl in her done uttered a word that discouraged Ruth. The word was sarcastic. Ruth being told, "banana" mocked her religio n (Lee &Christine 3). On a rather pleasant note, the author mentions Ruth while being encouraged by a math professor. The professor assured her that she would do well especially with the skills associated with Asian people. It is quite clear that Ruth faced much negative criticism unlike positive criticism from her

Black Rook in Rainy Weather Essay Example for Free

Black Rook in Rainy Weather Essay I an infrequently lost for words. I like to think of myself as quite an eloquent and articulate speaker and writer, but there are times when I feel neither. It is ironic that the very subject of this poem, a lack of words, or rather a lack of inspiration, is exactly what is holding me back from writing the things I would like to write. Although I know how this poem makes me feel and I know the emotions it conveys, I cannot bring myself to write about them or to speak about them, I simply cannot find the words. Each time I read the poem a rush of thoughts dash through my mind, so quickly that I cannot recollect them in time to consider them in the detail they deserve. This poem deserves consideration, thought, analysis, it deserves appreciation and admiration, because it describes exactly how even the most expressive and eloquent writers are sometimes at a loss for words. Although the poem is a metaphor and is about many things that lie deep beneath the surface of the words, it is beautifully written even in the most literal terms. Plath uses adjectives to describe every object, every movement of the poem, ‘stiff twig’, ‘spotted leaves’. She uses many other poetic devices, such as alliteration in the lines ‘rare, random’, ‘walk wary’, ‘so shine as to seize my senses’ and personification in the lines ‘mute sky’ , ‘minor light may still lean incandescent’. The poet also uses short phrases broken by commas to increase the tempo of the poem and to give it a rushed feeling. However, these poetic devices are not simply used to embellish a purely literal piece of writing. They are used to demonstrate the beauty of the mundane, the magnificence of the ordinary. The poet says ‘I do not expect a miracle or an accident’ which suggests that she is content with the mundane and can see it’s splendour. But as the poem progresses we see that she could not survive on the ordinary, but needed to express herself in her poetry and needed inspiration to do so. Though Plath tries to persuade herself she survive on the ordinary and the imple, it is obvious that desire for inspiration, ‘the angel’, are the only things that can make these mundane situations bearable. She contradicts herself when she states that ‘miracles occur. ’ She contradicts her previous idea that there is beauty in the ordinary and instead describes moments without inspiration being similar to ‘trekking stubborn through this season of fatigue’ . This suggests that during these periods of time she is not living, but barely surviving. Her entire life depends on the moments of inspiration, ‘for that rare, random descent. ’ She is a poet, and her survival depends on her writing. She can only express herself through her writing, and without it, without her inspiration, she feels nothing. This nothingness, this lack of inspiration is to her far worse than the feelings of depression she felt constantly throughout her life. Her ‘fear of total neutrality’ consumes her and scares her. This ‘fear of neutrality’ refers not only to writing, but also to life in general. If one feels nothing, if life is constantly similar to ‘trekking stubborn through this season of fatigue’ then there is no reason to live in the first place. Life is a constant wait for inspiration, for meaning, for purpose, and often this purpose does not appear. Plath realises, unlike many others, that without purpose, without inspiration, there is no beauty in the mundane. Without ‘that rare, random descent’ of an ‘angel’ there is little reason for life at all.

Impact of Cushioned and Ball Chair on Classroom Behaviour

Impact of Cushioned and Ball Chair on Classroom Behaviour The Impact of Air Sit Cushioned and Ball Chair on Classroom Behavior of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Nader Matin Sadr1, Hojjat Allah Haghgoo2, Sayyed Ali Samadi3, Mehdi Rassafiani2, Enayat Allah Bakhshi 2 1. Ph.D Candidate of Occupational therapy 2. PhD 3. Ph.D University of Ulster Introduction: Increasing number of children with autism spectrum disorder is 1 case per 110 Students is a great challenge for education system (1). Difficulty in engagement in class tasks, low attention span, and inappropriate behaviors are common in these students, which interfere with student’s ability to participate in the educational mainstream (2). One reason that children with ASD have limited success in educational improvement with some intervention strategies is that these strategies do not address the sensory issues that may underlie the disruptive behavior (Ayres, 1972; Dunn, 2000). In an extensive research on 200 children with autism, %95 had difficulties in sensory modulation. Physiological need for proper sensory stimulation leads to spending most of student time on stereotype and repetitive movements to adjust their sensory system. Therefore, their attention would not be concentrated on learning and assignments in class. Greenspan and Wieder argued that the decrease in sensory processing may resulted in social isolation and inattention to class tasks (2).Viola and Noddings stated that children with low sensory sensibility require additional sensory stimulation to accomplish the tasks which require attention and concentration (3). Therefore, one of the prominent approaches to address the behavioral problems in these chi ldren is sensory integration approach. Sensory integration approach includes integration of three essential sensory systems: the proprioceptive, the vestibular, and the tactile systems. These systems, regulate the awareness of the body in space, joint and limbs positions, control sensations of gravity and movement, and perceives the sense of touch (4). Sensory Integration theory is focused on these special key sensory systems which are useful in person’s interpretation and application of sensory information. Proper sensory integration is a gate to successful educational learning through successful application of sensory and perceptual systems which would lead to forming vital skills for doing on task behaviors (4). Occupational therapists who work in school often use sensory techniques to increase students’ levels of attending, on-task behavior, and performance in the classroom. Many clinicians perceive these approaches to be successful in promoting functional classroom behavior. According to previous findin gs, 99% of occupational therapists use sensory integration techniques (5). Smith and Miller had been in contact with 292 occupational therapists in 1992 and found that Sensory Integration based-therapy was the most common applied technique among all of them (6). The effects of proper sensory integration, improve students ability to educational achievements and success by goal directed use of sensory and perceptual systems. This method can lead to success in learning (Gilman). Furthermore, formal research conducted on sensory-based interventions has supported this belief (Schilling, 2004; Schilling Schwartz, 2004; Schilling, Washington, Billingsley, Deitz, 2003). Hemmingsson and Borel in their investigations emphasized on lack of environmental modification in the classroom that directly refers to the limitation of student’s engagement. So, lack of proper changes in environment can lead to restriction in learning. Furthermore, previous emphasis in pediatric occupational therapy has been on modifying the individual’s behavior with less emphasis placed on changing the environment, but focus is now shifting to ergonomic and sensory modifications to promote academic success (Asher, 2010). Various sensory-based strategies, including the use of alternative seating devices, have been examined by researchers and in many cases have been found to promote functional classroom behavior (Fertel-Daly, Bedell, Hinojosa, 2001; Schilling et al., 2003; Schilling Schwartz, 2004; Zissermann, 1992). Two of these functional methods are the using of balls and air cushions rather than common chairs. The use of therapeutic balls have been lead to marke d improvements in the in-seat behavior and legible word production, in school age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Schilling, 2004; Schilling et al., 2003) and to increase in engagement and in-seat behavior of preschoolers with ASD (Schilling Schwartz, 2004) (7). Clinicians have been using dynamic seating systems such as the Disc ‘O’ Sit cushion for many years to assist students to increase their attention span. While clinical evidence that these systems can lead to desired results, but very little research has been completed and published to support their use. Sitting on a ball allows the child to pay more attention to activities while receiving stimulation in a passive form, rather than seeking stimulation from disruptive activities. Gamache-Hulsmans (2007) stated that students said they feel better when sitting on ball chairs. Students also felt more comfortable and said their backs did not hurt when sitting. The ball chairs are soft compared to regular classroom seats and are more fun to sit on (3). To what extent, dynamic seating chairs will effect on attention to on task behaviors and in-seat behavior? Therefore, in this research, the effects of sitting on ball and air cushion were investigated. With regards to thousands of special students with difficulty in sitting and classroom performance, these devices may be optional selection for solving the mentioned class behavior problems. Materials and Method Research Design: A single subject multiple treatments withdrawal design A-B-A-C was used to investigate the effects of 3 seating options including common chairs, therapy balls, air cushions on the in-seat, on class task behavior, communication and social behavior of four students with ASD. During the 2 A phases students were sitting on common chairs, in B phase on air cushions, and during C phase they were sitting on therapeutic balls. Participants: This investigation performed in an especial school for ASD students. A convenience sample including four participants was recruited from the Preschool students in autism elementary school in Mashhad, Iran. Participants were diagnosed as ASD by specialists and taking their own medications regularly throughout the study. According to teachers’ report, all children were identified as having difficulty with in-seat behavior and on task behavior. Procedures: Informed consents were obtained prior to experiment and contents were comprehended and signed by students’ legal representative. Data collection: Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition (GARS II) and Vineland testes were given and were used to examine social and communication skills of students in the first and final of research for all students of class. To assess the students’ class behavior, staff was instructed to give no additional feedback on students sitting behavior either positive or negative throughout the duration of the study. But, if a student exhibited behavior that could be potentially harmful to him, peers, or the staff must have been prevented by staff. To remove any novelty effects, students were introduced with stability balls and air cushion instead of their chairs for 2 full days, before baseline data collection. Video recording: Setting camera recorders in class, Students’ behaviors during class task (sitting period and attention performance related to class tasks) were recorded all the day-time. Students’ behaviors were quantified three times per week, one day after another, with an overall of 12 sessions. Two occupational therapists were trained as observer of videos. In-seat data were collected via momentary real time sampling (MTS); the observers coded the student’s behavior on the basis of several behavioral classifications. The mean score across raters was used to calculate weekly on-task and in seat behavior. Videos were regularly checked throughout the study to determine inter and intra rater reliability agreement. Observers individually, watched videos every 10-s intervals, stopped it and marked the observation on each child’s designated worksheet, thus resulting in 60 observations per session per participant. This MTS interval would serve to make the obs ervations more valid and representative of the child’s behavior throughout the baseline and interventions periods. Additionally, GARS II and Vineland testes were given and were used to examine social and communication skills of students in the first and final phases of research for all students of class. Students’ class behaviors during two intervention phases (each 1 week) were compared with class behavior during baseline and withdrawal phases (each one week). Teacher Social Validity Scale: Social validity questionnaire was used at the end of the study to evaluate teacher opinion regarding the intervention. The questionnaire consisted of 8 questions and assessed effects of intervention on sitting and activity participation as well as the extent of preference of stability balls or air cushion instead of chairs. Questions were answered on a 5-point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). On-Task Behavior:† Engagement was defined as â€Å"oriented towards appropriate classroom activity or teacher and either interacting with materials, responding to the speaker or looking at the speaker† (Schilling Schwartz, 2004, p. 427). This definition included reading, and writing as well. In-Seat Behavior: Data on in-seat behavior was defined according to Schilling and Schwartz (2004) and quantified during video review. â€Å"Any portion of the child’s buttocks in contact with the seat portion of the chair† (Schillling Schwartz, 2004, p. 427) and â€Å"the four legs of the chair in contact with the floor† (p. 427). For the intervention phase (B), any portion of the participant’s buttocks in contact with the air cushion, air cushion in contact with the chair and the four legs of the chair in contact with the floor. For the intervention phase (C), in-seat behavior was defined as â€Å"any portion of the participant’s buttocks in contact with the ball, the ball in contact with the floor, and at least one foot in contact with the floor† (Schilling Schwartz, 2004, p. 427). GARS-2: The GARS is a screening instrument used for the assessment of individuals’ ages 3–22 years old who exhibit behavioral characteristics that may be indicative of autism. This is a standardized instrument, which consists of 42 items divided into three subscales that describe specific, observable and measurable behaviors. The items included in this instrument are based on the definition of autism adopted by the Autism Society of America (2003) and on the diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder published in DSM-IV-TR. Vineland Materials: Therapy balls: The selected therapy balls to be used in classroom use, had 55-cm-diameter (n Sit ball by †¦) with five little feet to prevent it from moving or rolling when used as a sitting ball. Therapy balls were individually fitted with air pressure into the ball (at different degrees of inflation) that confirm the student could sit comfortably with his feet flat on the floor with knees and hips flexed at 90 degrees. Air cushion: The Disc ‘O’ Sit cushion is a round and widely available. The Disc ‘O’ Sit, are instability cushions, strong enough to sit. It is designed to fit on a classroom chair and provide movement while seated (7). Chair: A general wooden with iron frame classroom chair without armrests (height, 72 cm; depth, 34 cm; width, 39 cm; seat height, 36 cm). 1. Participant 1, speak with himself slowly and repeatedly with low attention and cannot tolerate sitting on chair. Participant 2 an 8-yr-old boy, he has low level endurance for performing occupation and sitting. He was hyperactive. Participant 3 an 8-yr-old boy, he has visual perceptual problem with low attention and endurance. Participant 4 a 11-yr-old boy, auditory problem, he likes, Results: During Phase A1 the number of times Hossin was on seat ranged from 11 to 18 (mean [M] = 14). During Phase B, the range was 30–36 (M = 34). During Phase A2, (chair) 15-38 (M = 23). During Phase C, (ball) the range was 2-10 (M = 6). The number of on seat for Hossin shows increase on air cushion and decrease in sitting on ball. During Phase A1 the number of times Hossin was on task ranged from 23 to 32 (mean [M] = 27.5). During Phase B, the range was 42-56 (M = 50). During Phase A2, (chair) 33-44 (M = 39). During Phase C, (ball) the range was 47-51 (M = 48). The number of on seat for Hossin shows increase on air cushion and decrease in sitting on ball. Each child’s data are presented in separate graphs in Figure (A) Total number of times that Hossin was on seat each phases. (B) Total number of times that Hassan was on seat and engaged each session. (C) Total number of times that Parsa was on seat and engaged each session. (D) Total number of times that Amir was on seat and engaged each session. Films was regularly checked throughout the study for determining inter and intra rater reliability agreement. Final inter rater agreement percentages ranged from 93% to 100% for in-seat behavior and from 80% to 90% for on-task behavior. They had a mean age of 8.75  ± 1.9 years, mean height 132.5  ± 9 cm, and mean weight 29.25  ± 8.5 kg. Each child demonstrated a unique response to the use of the therapy ball chair and air cushion. Discussion: Conclusions: This investigation suggests that dynamic seating in the classroom, increases in-seat behavior on task behavior for children with ASD. However no one type of seating was found appropriate for all children with ASD. For some forms of classroom behavior, the use of dynamic seating appears proactive, serving  as a positive behavior support strategy to assist in creating an opportunity for learning. References 1.Koegel L, Matos-Fredeen R, Lang R, Koegel R. Interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders in inclusive school settings. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. 2011. 2.Schilling DL, Schwartz IS. Alternative seating for young children with autism spectrum disorder: Effects on classroom behavior. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2004;34(4):423-32. 3.Horgen KM, Kathryn M. Utilization of an Exercise Ball in the Classroom: Its Effect on Off-task Behavior of a Student with ADHD [thesis]: University of Wisconsin; 2009. 4.Wu W-L, Wang C-C, Chen C-h, Lai C-L. Influence of Therapy Ball Seats on Attentional Ability in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. 2011. 5.Tunstall H.R. Effects of Alternative Seating on the Academic Engagement of Children With Autism 2010. 6.Lang R, O’Reilly M, Healy O, Rispoli M, Lydon H, Streusand W, et al. Sensory integration therapy for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2012;6(3):1004-18. 7.Schilling DL. Alternative seating devices for children with ADHD: Effects on classroom behavior. Pediatric Physical Therapy. 2006;18(1):81.

Comparing and Contrasting the poems The Seduction and Cousin Kate :: English Literature

Comparing and Contrasting the poems The Seduction and Cousin Kate. In this Essay I am going to be comparing and contrasting the poems â€Å"The Seduction† by Eileen McAuley and â€Å"Cousin Kate† by Christina Rosetti. I will also be analysing them using quotations to support what I’ve been saying. One poem was written in the nineteenth century and the other was written near the end of the 1900’s. This is just one of the differences I will be discussing in the following essay. I am going to begin with â€Å"The Seduction.† This poem is about a teenage girl who goes to a party. She meets a boy and starts falling head over heals in love with him because she is unable to see he is misleading her. She can’t understand that when he takes her to the docks he is only interested in sex and not her. He departs after he has got what wanted, leaving her pregnant. She is then left to face the scorn of her neighbourhood and realise she has been betrayed by the fake reality of her teenage magazines. In the first stanza of the poem, there are quotations such as â€Å"quiet bricks† and â€Å"Far past the silver stream of traffic† which show us a quiet place where people won’t see what the couple are about to do. â€Å"Blind Windows† is and example of personification which tells us about the neighbourhood’s view. They don’t want to see the problem of underage sex which the word â€Å"Blind† articulates. In general this paragraph is using beautiful words like â€Å"silver†, â€Å"morning† and â€Å"quiet† to contrast with the dull and bleak events about to unfold. Stanza two and three show how the boy is pushing the girl into this while she is unawares. An important quotation is â€Å"fumbled in a bag†. This shows that the boy is an inexpert lover. â€Å"His leather jacket creaked madly† could be connected with the last quotation. This shows that maybe he is seen as a bad boy and is only sleeping with the girl to uphold his reputation. Even if this is not the case, you can tell that he has no feelings for the girl when the poem goes onto say â€Å"he muttered little slag†. Next the poem tells us about the circumstances on which the couple met – at a party. It is at this point that the vital words â€Å"quite enchanted† and â€Å"her eyes were wide and bright† show us just how naà ¯ve the girl is. She is easily guided. Another important piece of evidence is when the boy states â€Å"eating me dinner†. The boy’s words tell us he is of a local working class background

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers

Question #3: Duddy hides his insecurities from himself and others. He is afraid to ask his father if his mother had liked him. What does this reveal about Duddy? Why do we often hide our fears? Two thousand years ago, Jesus had said,"Man does not live by bread alone." This is true, for other than physiological needs, man also has other basic necessities. As outlined in an article written by Professor A. H. Maslow called "A Theory of Human Motivation", these basic necessities include a person’s desire for security, love, esteem and self-actualization. Thus, when Duddy hides his fears from others and himself, he is only pursuing a sense of safety, which is one of the human fundamental needs. A person’s self-projected image is very important. We often hide our own fears because we do not want to acknowledge our dreads. We are afraid that if we show our dreads, our images as great persons will be ruined. People want to feel important, significant and superior; people do not want to feel inferior, subordinate and insignificant. We are afraid that if we concede our fears, others will dismiss us as unimportant. This is even more true for an ambitious young man like Duddy. He springs from humble beginnings, but clearly, he is very eager to become a successful and powerful man. "...his bony cheeks were criss-crossed with scratches as he shaved twice daily in his attempt to encourage a beard." This clearly indicates to the readers that Duddy wants and tries to be someone that he is not. He wants himself and others to think that he is of great significance. The fact that his friends, family and others reject him make his self-projected image even more preponderan t. He must convince himself and others that he is a very important figure and he does this by denying his insecurities. Duddy is not a very well-liked figure in the novel. He arouses readers’ sympathy because his family and friends do not appreciate him. There is much evidence of this throughout the novel. Perhaps the best illustration of this is when Duddy returns from St. Agathe with six expensive sport shirts for Max as a gift, but only to find out that his father is not interested in the gift. Duddy is not loved in his family, yet he needs love desperately. Since his father, uncle and brother do not love him, his desire for love is projected onto his dead mother. The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz :: essays research papers Question #3: Duddy hides his insecurities from himself and others. He is afraid to ask his father if his mother had liked him. What does this reveal about Duddy? Why do we often hide our fears? Two thousand years ago, Jesus had said,"Man does not live by bread alone." This is true, for other than physiological needs, man also has other basic necessities. As outlined in an article written by Professor A. H. Maslow called "A Theory of Human Motivation", these basic necessities include a person’s desire for security, love, esteem and self-actualization. Thus, when Duddy hides his fears from others and himself, he is only pursuing a sense of safety, which is one of the human fundamental needs. A person’s self-projected image is very important. We often hide our own fears because we do not want to acknowledge our dreads. We are afraid that if we show our dreads, our images as great persons will be ruined. People want to feel important, significant and superior; people do not want to feel inferior, subordinate and insignificant. We are afraid that if we concede our fears, others will dismiss us as unimportant. This is even more true for an ambitious young man like Duddy. He springs from humble beginnings, but clearly, he is very eager to become a successful and powerful man. "...his bony cheeks were criss-crossed with scratches as he shaved twice daily in his attempt to encourage a beard." This clearly indicates to the readers that Duddy wants and tries to be someone that he is not. He wants himself and others to think that he is of great significance. The fact that his friends, family and others reject him make his self-projected image even more preponderan t. He must convince himself and others that he is a very important figure and he does this by denying his insecurities. Duddy is not a very well-liked figure in the novel. He arouses readers’ sympathy because his family and friends do not appreciate him. There is much evidence of this throughout the novel. Perhaps the best illustration of this is when Duddy returns from St. Agathe with six expensive sport shirts for Max as a gift, but only to find out that his father is not interested in the gift. Duddy is not loved in his family, yet he needs love desperately. Since his father, uncle and brother do not love him, his desire for love is projected onto his dead mother.

Yaroslav the Wise :: History Ukraine Ukranian Essays

Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav, son of Vladimir, took over full control of Kyiv in the year 1036. This did not occur until after the deaths of his father and many brothers. Upon Vladimir’s death in 1015 his son Sviatopolk rushed in and took control over Kyiv, killing three of his own brothers in the process. Yaroslav could not let this stand. Joined by Mstislav, another brother, and hired Scandinavian mercenaries, they ousted Sviatopolk and split the empire between themselves. Mstislav controlled Chernigov and Yaroslav went to Novgorod, as he preferred that to Kyiv. Mstislav died in 1036, and at that time Yaroslav became the undisputed ruler of all Kyivan Rus lands. At this time he moved his capital back to the traditional city of Kyiv. [2] Yaroslav did much for the betterment of the Ukrainian state during his reign. He settled the problem of having unruly neighbors to the south. He led a sound defensive stand against an attack of the marauding Pechenegs.[3] These southern folk had been a pestering nuisance for a number of years. After the defeat of these troublesome foes, there was nothing else to worry about in the south because the people that moved in next were much more peaceful. He could now worry about the Polish problem in the east. The Poles were not happy about there western land holdings. They wanted to annex the Ukrainian lands to the west of them. Yaroslav lead an expedition in the late 1920’s and dominated the Polish army, plundered their cities and took many prisoners.[4] After this the Polish peoples revolted and threw out old hierarchy of government and getting rid of Christianity. He later married his sister to the new king of Poland and for the time being the trouble with Poland was over. During this time period it was a great honor to be married to the family of a foreign countries monarchy. It was also a wise governing decision as it made connections and allies out of countries that otherwise may have been foes. Yaroslav the Wise :: History Ukraine Ukranian Essays Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav, son of Vladimir, took over full control of Kyiv in the year 1036. This did not occur until after the deaths of his father and many brothers. Upon Vladimir’s death in 1015 his son Sviatopolk rushed in and took control over Kyiv, killing three of his own brothers in the process. Yaroslav could not let this stand. Joined by Mstislav, another brother, and hired Scandinavian mercenaries, they ousted Sviatopolk and split the empire between themselves. Mstislav controlled Chernigov and Yaroslav went to Novgorod, as he preferred that to Kyiv. Mstislav died in 1036, and at that time Yaroslav became the undisputed ruler of all Kyivan Rus lands. At this time he moved his capital back to the traditional city of Kyiv. [2] Yaroslav did much for the betterment of the Ukrainian state during his reign. He settled the problem of having unruly neighbors to the south. He led a sound defensive stand against an attack of the marauding Pechenegs.[3] These southern folk had been a pestering nuisance for a number of years. After the defeat of these troublesome foes, there was nothing else to worry about in the south because the people that moved in next were much more peaceful. He could now worry about the Polish problem in the east. The Poles were not happy about there western land holdings. They wanted to annex the Ukrainian lands to the west of them. Yaroslav lead an expedition in the late 1920’s and dominated the Polish army, plundered their cities and took many prisoners.[4] After this the Polish peoples revolted and threw out old hierarchy of government and getting rid of Christianity. He later married his sister to the new king of Poland and for the time being the trouble with Poland was over. During this time period it was a great honor to be married to the family of a foreign countries monarchy. It was also a wise governing decision as it made connections and allies out of countries that otherwise may have been foes.

The Head vs. the Heart

The Head Vs.. The Heart The sounds of tools and chains clink and Jingle not too far off Slaves are in the fenced off field picking the soft cotton from the dry earth. The dust coming from the path that leads from the big, white house to the field gets picked up in gusts of wind making them squint their eyes. The owners of the house are chatting and laughing on their dusty porch sipping on their tea while their children play tag and hide-and-go-seek with each other on the grass below.The sun Is beating down on them with Intermittent periods of shade from the passing clouds blocking the suns harsh rays. To the left, there Lies the Millponds river. The water calmly passes by. Carrying branches and logs that slowly drift down the river passing quacking ducks swimming to keep from the heat. Hanging over the cool, dark water are willow trees that one could lie under peacefully in the shade. It is quiet there and is the perfect place to unwind and forget all the worries of the day.This mixe d setting is something that is easily seen in Mark Twain's book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry Finn does not need d quiet place Eke that to get to thinking about his day, his upcoming decisions, his past choices, and his life In general. He constantly thinks about what Is right and what Is wrong, but In his society, there are often conflicting answers, the things his head tells him to do, which Is what society tells him, and the things that his heart tells him, the Ramirez 2 things that he believes to be right.Mark Twain satires d society that forces d child to go to hell† In order to do what Is morally right. Husks caretakers wanted Heck to be well educated, go to church, and learn about the bell_ Ironically, he never found anything interesting. When the Widow Douglas tried to â€Å"learned [Ã'›_him] about Moses and the Bulrushes and [†¦ He] was in a sweat to find out all about him,† he found out â€Å"that Moses had been a considerable long t ime, so then [†¦ He] didn't care no more about him because [†¦ He] don't take no stock in dead people† (cal).Heck wanted to learn about religion, but he could never bring himself too it because of his lack of Interest. He also did not believe In It because Miss Watson told him that whatever he prayed for, he would get. â€Å"But It warrant so. [†¦ Hell tried It. [†¦ Hell tried for the hooks three or four runes, but somehow [†¦ Hell couldn't make It work† (chi). Heck viewed the slaves In a different light. He did not Just see them as objects to be owned and sold. He knew he could not do whatever he pleased with them because to him, unlike the majority of socio', they were actual people with feelings and emotions.When Jim ran way from Miss Watson, even though Heck knew him to be â€Å"most ruined for a servant, because he got stuck up on account of having seen the devil and been rode by witches† (chi en still gave him a chance and treated m as t en were anyone else to go along with him on his adventures. He believes what he is told until he finds that it actually is not the case. Even though the rest of society wanted him to and would have turned Jim in, Husks kind heart told him that the people were wrong and to do what he thought was morally right.Authority was also a challenge for young Huckleberry. He disobeys his father which is a young boys largest role model as well as authority figure. Pap tells him to â€Å"look here–mind Ramirez 3 how [†¦ Heck] talks to [†¦ Him]; [†¦ He is] a-standing about all [†¦ He] can stand now– so don't game no sass† (chi) because Heck wan not giving his father the respect that he deserved. When Heck ran away, he knew he was going against his father's wishes, but did not care that he was going against authority because he was following what his heart was telling him to do.Throughout the book, Heck knows what is right and hat is wrong according t o the world he lives in, but according to him, â€Å"What's the use you learning to do right, when it's troublesome to do right and anti no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is Just the same? † (chic). It was difficult in that time period to distinguish the difference between true right and wrong, but Heck broke the standard and questioned what he knew in order to do what he found to be the truly right way. Works Cited Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. De. Thomas Nash. New York: Penguin, Ltd. , 1985. Print

Gaming in Shanghai Essay

Overview HyperHawk, one of the world’s major providers of global supply management software and services, helps companies reduce costs through efficient product and services sourcing. It has handled more than $50 billion worth of products and services in the oil and gas, other natural resources, retail, transport, finance, and industrial sectors for customers including General Motors, Nestlà ©, Shell, Japan Energy, Mitsubishi, and Cadbury Schweppes. Shanghai-based JJM, one of the biggest gaming and hospitality companies in Asia, is owned by Chinese businessman Tan Wu Bo. This case study revolves around the period when JJM has been a HyperHawk client for six months, and the companies have signed an agreement to conducttwo projects. The first, completed in March 2005 and tremendously successful, saved JJM some $1 million, and the second one is set to start.Impressed with the results, JJM wishes to explore the possibility of other joint endeavours with HyperHawk. To this end, a meeting is arranged between JJM’s Senior Vice-President of Finance Iris Ma and HyperHawk’s RegionalManaging DirectorDrake Dubois, and attended by JJM’s Vice-President for Procurement Henry Chow and HyperHawk Sales Group Director Layton Pang. Ma is keen to explore more projects with HyperHawk and has tasked Chow to follow up with HyperHawk as soon as possible. The managing director of HyperHawk suggests that a session be arranged with key stakeholders from both companies to discuss and assess possible opportunities for other JJM projects. The Scene Ma and Chow agreed to the suggestion and asked that a proposal be submitted to JJM after the opportunity assessment meeting that was attended by Chow, his assistant Mary Xie, who is also the purchasing manager, and two members from HyperHawk. Both parties identified ten possible projects. Xie asked for a proposal to be submitted to JJM through her, and HyperHawk provided a competitive price package that included services over a twelve-month period. As is to be expected from a Chinese company like JJM, Xie asked for a reduction in the licensing fee, additional program management days (at no extra cost), and an extension of the software term from twelve months to  twenty-four months. In reply, HyperHawk put in writing its discussions to date with JJM: 1.JJM had agreed that HyperHawk could add value to the projects identified. 2.JJM would sign for a ten-project package to get a competitive price. 3.If HyperHawk could meet JJM’s demands, the latter would sign the contract by May-end 2005. Xie agreed to point one above, but was noncommittal on points two and three. After much discussion, HyperHawk agreed to lower its fee and provide JJM additional program management days at no additional cost. However, HyperHawk said it could not agree to extend the twelve month term for use of the software without charging extra. Then, to complicate matters further, Xie suggested that JJM could not commit to an agreement even if all the issues were resolved. The most recent negotiations were conducted quite hastily, since HyperHawk knew that Xie was not the decision maker and approval had to come from her top management. Negotiations to Date HyperHawk’sprimary concern was how likely JJM would be to enter into an agreement even if the issues were resolved, and within what time frame. JJM argued that the proposed price was beyond what it could afford, although it recognized the need for help from HyperHawk to implement the projects, and that it needed twenty-four months to implement the ten projects due to its lack of manpower. HyperHawk took the position that, while it was prepared to look into the fee structure and program management term as part of the total package, the request for twenty-four months was not reasonable. Although it reasoned that other organizations were able to implement ten projects in twelve months, to satisfy JJM, HyperHawk negotiated a mid-way solution: a maximum of eighteen months. When one week passed and there was no response from JJM, HyperHawk asked if it would be prepared to sign if HyperHawk acceded to its three requests.Xie replied that she would submit the proposal for approval to her superiors, Tan and Ma, but added that there was no guarantee the agreement would be signed by the end of May. From HyperHawk’s perspective, all the issues presented by JJM had been resolved—yet there was still no deal. When asked about the status of the project, JJM cited staff turnover, but then mentioned another possible IT project where there was a clear need for HyperHawk. The discussion ended with JJM requesting that HyperHawk prepare the preliminary work and submit yet another proposal.  Based on the updated information, it appeared that the IT project might get underway earlier than the previously proposed ten projects. Moreover, given that this project had an entirely different scope, there was a strong argument to negotiate a separate deal for it. Whichever proposal JJM wished to undertake first, HyperHawk was ready to negotiate and finalize an agreement, but it could not yet tell whether the latest development was a genuine project or a further stalling tactic. Observations 1.Both parties acted rationally in the way the negotiations were conducted, and it helped that the relationship between them was excellent from the start. 2.HyperHawk gave in to JJMs demands in the hope of concluding the agreement quickly and starting the projects. But JJM continued to indulge in last minute wavering and only introduced a new project, which took the parties away from the initial negotiations. 3.The way HyperHawk responded to JJM’s delaying tactics, showed it’s patience and its determination to get the deal done. 4.Meanwhile, JJM believed it was negotiating from a position of strength, having even gone so far as to assert that it had in-house a system similar to that of HyperHawk that could probably fulfil its needs, even though without the sophistication of the HyperHawk product. 5.Going forward, it was critical that HyperHawk engage with Ma, the senior vice-president and decision maker, since the groundwork had been laid with her staff. But they were finding it difficult to do so due to the complicated hierarchy of the Chinese companies. 6.HyperHawk reflected that maybe it should have asked for the agreement to be signed within a fixed time when it met JJM’s initial demands, although JJM had previously delayed decision making on other projects. Conclusions This case is typical of what vendors face in a competitive, hi-tech environment, and illustrates the opportunity they have to reduce their price. Handled appropriately, a win-win outcome is not difficult to achieve. From this case study, at least two scenarios for short-term success can be derived. First, assuming the vendor, is taking a tough stance, you can take a long-term perspective and conclude the first sale with a friendly, competitive attitude, countering the buyer’s demands with suitable offers, while never losing sight of your determination to bag the order. But,  besides showing friendliness, flexibility, and determination, you must show the potential buyer that you will be there for them over the long haul. For this you require people with leadership qualities in your team. Should one lack high-quality leaders in your team, you have the option of a second scenario. In this case, you would show, right from the beginning,that your team comprises hard workers who w ill do whatever the buyer needs. By adopting Chinese-style service orientation and dedication and making your team indispensable to the potential buyer, being available daily, and making yourself virtually a part of your opposite number’s staff—you could clinch a deal. HyperHawk failed to show the requisite service orientation and commitment. From the perspective of longer-term success, an initial achievement provides the opportunity for friendship to be cultivated with the client company’s key people, perhaps even with the CEO, the final decision maker. Should one eventually become accepted as â€Å"family,† the client will telephone you for what they want and no longer require competitive quotations. But to reach that point, you will have had to develop a genuine friendship and service orientation with those at the top of the client company.

Crime-free Children Today Essay

Open a newspaper or switch on the radio for news and you will no doubt see a number of horrifying crimes reported there – murder, rape and robberies are no longer surprising or shocking news to the Indian citizens. But what can shock us is the fact that most, at least a third, of the crimes committed in a year are by youngsters below the age of 18. Juvenile delinquency is increasing rapidly. A large part of the world’s children are in India. Children are often perceived as the epitome of innocence and naivetà © by most people. But the phrase â€Å"child-like innocence† can no longer be used, because the adolescents are one of the most violent age categories in the world. There are many incidences of crimes committed by the adolescents these days. The number of juvenile court cases are increasing and the crimes become more horrifying by the minute. There are increasing evidences of road rages, crimes against women, violence in school etc. all committed by teenage rs. Parents and others involved in a child’s life are equally responsible for the child’s hostile behavior. The amount of violence in the adolescent’s day-to-day life plays a large role in this issue, too. The child’s guardians have to take time to understand this complex problem and try to solve it; but what most of the Indian parents do is say to themselves, â€Å"He/she will grow out of it,† and simply avoid the issue, hoping it is just a phase. But this ignorant way of treating the problem is the start of a life-long trouble that will not only affect the family, but also the society, because in most of the cases of aggressive juvenile violence, the adolescent grows to be a criminal, thus delaying the development and progress of the nation.  The family does not bother to think of what may be the cause of the child’s behavior. Violent mannerisms in children can include a wide range of behaviors: explosive temper tantrums, physical aggression, fighting, bullying, homicidal thoughts, use of weaponry, cruelty towards animals, destruction of property etc. Most of this is caused by the problematic upbringing of the child – parents who pamper and spoil their children or agree to the child’s tantrums are endangering the child’s future. The television and the media can also increase a child’s violent tendencies. A child tends to imitate what he observes and this is a huge problem in India, because Indian cinema often has its heroes resort to violence to bring down their opponents. This makes the child think that using assault and bloodshed to achieve one’s needs is fine. Video games lessen the child’s value for a human life, as most of them involve killing animated characters. Being a victim of sexual abuse, presence of firearms in the house and even head injuries during childhood can cause adolescent violence. Remember, violence always leads to violence. Now that most of the people and the Government of India are starting to recognize and address this issue, solutions have to be found and made accessible to the citizens. Parents have to look out for signs of intense anger, impulsiveness, irritability and cruelty in children and look for the reason. Feelings of revenge and vengeance should be discouraged; tell them what the Father of our Nation once said, â€Å"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.† Make it clear to them that violence does not solve anything. Only clearheaded thinking can lead to good results. The amount of violence that the child is exposed to through media has to be restricted, but the media can also help by raising awareness and to show the children the adverse affects of violence. Developing a reading habit is also highly helpful in curbing a child’s hostility. Family conflicts, problems in school, discrimination by other children etc. should be found out and solved. Parents should not hesitate to consult a psychiatrist if necessary. Making the adolescent part of the Indian population is necessary because only calm and responsible children can grow into stable, responsible, patriotic citizens in the future. We should remember that it is the youth that will shape our country’s future. Every child is bright in his or her own way and it is the duty of the adults to keep the light burning, for the next generation will fulfill the dreams of our great leaders and lead our  nation to its victorious destiny only if our society is united, strong and nonviolent. Teach the children to follow the Mahatma’s policy, the motto that toppled the British, the strongest invading force of the past century: nonviolence.

Oedipus and the Sphinx Essay

â€Å"Know Thyself† is sage advice. â€Å"All Things in Moderation† is also a wise saying. King Oedipus, subject of the most tragic story ever written, brought about his own downfall because of his excessive obsession to know himself. And, try as he might, the more he tried to escape his tragic Fate, the closer it got†¦ Thus, some say that the moral of the story is, Even if you try to thwart your destiny, you won’t succeed. The concept of predestination plays a large role here. For example, if the gods know what will happen, and events are pre-ordained, how can people make free choices or have any semblance of free will? If the gods put challenges in our way that we fail to rise to, are we responsible for the consequences? Would knowing the future, as Oedipus does, cause us to act or behave any differently? The ancient scribe Sophocles wrote â€Å"Oedipus the King† (between 441-427 B.C.E.) for the annual festival where playwrights competed for prizes. These festivals were major civic occasions, with attendance expected of all noted writers. In his play Sophocles goes out of his way to present Oedipus as an extremely capable, beloved ruler. It should be noted that Sophocles never suggests that Oedipus has brought his destiny on himself by any â€Å"ungodly pride† (hubris) or â€Å"tragic flaw† (hamartia), common themes in Greek tragedies. Sophocles also makes a special effort to explain that Oedipus killed King Laius in self-defense, and a major theme in the tragic play is whether one can believe in oracles and seers. The title of the play, from which is derived the story, is often given in its Latin translation (â€Å"Oedipus Rex†), rather than in its original Greek (â€Å"Oedipus Tyranneus†), since the Greek term for king is the English â€Å"tyrant†, which means a monarch who rules without the consent of the people. THE TRAGEDY BEGINS Laius and his wife Jocasta (or Iocasta) were King and Queen of Thebes, a prosperous and famous city state in ancient Greece. King Laius, as many people did those days, consulted Apollo’s revered oracle of Delphi for advice and to find out what the future held for him. What the oracle announced shocked the royal couple — The Delphic oracle said that the King’s son would grow up and kill him! To make matters worse, it was prophesized that the son would marry his mother and produce offspring by her. King Laius and Queen Jocasta were understandably aghast! A short time later Queen Jocasta became pregnant and gave birth to a darling little baby boy. Remembering with fear the oracle of Delphi’s words, the royal couple of Thebes had the infant’s feet pierced and tied together — that’s the meaning of the name Oedipus, â€Å"swollen feet†. (Myth Man’s note: this mythical detail makes no sense. It must have been introduced to expla in the hero’s name. (Hold everything, I stand corrected. Here is an informative note sent by reader Adam Johnston on July 1, 2011.) Hey there, Just thought I’d let you know that the ‘pointless mythical detail’ about Oedipus’ feet being pierced and tied together actually has dual function. It was to ensure that the baby would not survive when exposed to the wilderness. But, more importantly, it is a detail that helps him decipher the answer to the sphinx’s riddle later in life. He is a crippled man who walks with a cane, and scholars see this as the assistance he needed to understand the part of the riddle regarding the 3 legs. Just thought you should know! ~Adam (Many thanks to Adam for taking time to bring this to my attention.) Laius and Jocasta knew that their baby son had to be destroyed, but they didn’t have the heart to do so themselves. They instructed their most trusted slave to expose the hapless baby on Mount Cithaeron, a wild and beast-filled place where the infant surely would perish. In those days, it was usual to leave an unwanted or defective baby in the wilderness. However, the slave glanced down at the innocent child and took pity on it. Knowing that the royal couple of the nearby city state of Corinth was childless, and desperately desired a son, the slave left the crying infant, its feet still pierced and bound by a pin, in a place sure to be found. Sure enough, a kindly shepherd discovered the baby and brought the foundling for adoption to King Polibus and Queen Merope of Corinth. Oedipus was raised as a son by Polibus and Merope and grew to be a handsome, clever and brave young man, even though he walked with a slight limp from the wounds he suffered when his real parents pierced his feet. One day, while playing with his adolescent friends, he got into an argument with them. They insisted, as mean children sometimes do, that he was a fake son, and not the real child of Polibus and Merope. When Oedipus confronted his â€Å"parents† about this, they denied that he was adopted and swore that he was their legitimate child. They told Oed ipus to forget what the mean kids had said, but now he was intrigued. To discover the truth for himself, Oedipus journeyed to Delphi and asked of the oracle, â€Å"Who am I?† The oracle, cryptic as always, replied: â€Å"You are the man who will kill his father and breed children by his mother.† Confused and devastated, the young man started to head back home. Nearing the crossroad, Oedipus decided never to return to Corinth and go to Thebes instead. He dearly loved his parents and thought that by never returning home he would keep them safe and thus overcome his Fate according to Apollo’s oracle. As he was approaching the crossroad between Delphi, Thebes and Corinth, distraught and deep in thought, Oedipus came upon an old man in a chariot, escorted by a few attendants. It was a narrow passage between two rocks and hard to navigate safely. The crabby old man in the chariot shouted: â€Å"Get lost! Go away! Get off this road!†, striking Oedipus with his long scepter. Adding further injury, the rude, regal old man ran over the young man’s sore foot with his chariot wheel. Oedipus angrily grabbed the staff from his tormentor’s hands and hit him on the head, killing the old man. The same fate befell the attendants, who tried to attack and arrest Oedipus – he valiantly fought and killed them too, save for one servant, who ran away in panic when the battle broke out. Hey, he just wanted to cross the narrow passage, that’s all! Besides, Oedipus was simply defending himself, and he got there first! Little did Oedipus suspect that the old man he had just slain was his own father, and that the first part of the oracle’s prophecy had come true†¦

The Legal Environment of Business and Employment Assignment

The Legal Environment of Business and Employment - Assignment Example This research will begin with the definition of a contract as an agreement that is enforceable in a court of law between two people or more or between businesses. The contract is formed based on a promise to do something. The main parties to the contact include the offeror, offeree, and the government. According to Cross and Miller. The government acts as an agent to see the fulfillment of a contract. The offeree agrees to accept the goods at the agreed consideration. The specifications should be enough and clear to enable the offeree to understand and accept the offer. In this case, Huddersford Electronics Ltd (HE Ltd) is the offeror and Gem Computer Stores is the offeree. The main primary sources of contract law include the legislation via orders in council, regulations and statutes, and case laws from the administrative tribunals and decisions of courts. The parties in contract must reach a consensus to be fulfilled in the contract. The agreement constitutes of offer and acceptanc e. A contact must ensure that a party offers to enter in a legal contract and the other party agrees to accept the offer terms and regulations. Secondly, both parties in a contract must agree on the consideration, a consideration is a sufficient and legally reached bargain for the value of goods or services offered. The third consideration is contractual capacity. The law must establish that both parties are competent enough to perform the agreement. The purpose of a contract is to achieve a goal that is legally binding. For a binding contract, parties must act with free will devoid of undue influence or coercion. The final element of a contract is that the contact must be in form that is recognizable by the law. The contract can be in writing or by the word of mouth. However, the contents in the contract also affect the validity of contract as the terms specified by the offeror must imply the thoughts of the courts and statute. A valid contract is a contract that meets all the elem ents of a legal contract. A voidable is a contract that has the option of being avoided .A voidable contract does not contain all the elements or requirements. The agreements included in a voidable contract may be those of people with no capacity to carry out a contact such as children or it may be a case of misrepresentation, undue influence, or duress. If the voidable contact is not rejected or terminated within a specified period, it becomes valid. For example if the buyer decides to sell the goods in a voidable contract before it is terminated, the buyer who buys the goods will be the new owner and is allowed to keep retain the goods provided the goods sold to him were in good terms. A void contract is an illegal contract. The law does not give effect to a contract that that is void because there is a mistake in the agreement of the offer and acceptance. According to Beatty and Samuelson, unenforceable contract is a contract that cannot be enforced by a court of law because the contract does not meet the specific laid down requirements of a valid contract by the law. An unenforceable contract is a contract that is valid but any money or goods transferred to a seller or a buyer respectively cannot be recovered. If one party refuses to do an activity or an act written or promised in the beginning of a contract the other party cannot compel the party to perform in a court of law. Essential Elements of a Valid Offer An offer can only be made to a specific person. Looking at the case of Carlill v Smoke Ball Company, we can understand what the specific person for the offer means.

HALTH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HALTH - Essay Example The findings from the interview would be summarized to respond to the following question: â€Å"Does marital satisfaction decrease with children? Two different sets of married couples were interviewed. One set had been married for more than five years and have three children. The other set of couples had been married for seven years but they did not have any children. The results of the interview are presented in tabular format as shown below: From the results of the interview, it could be deduced that marital satisfaction does not only depend on the factor of raising children. For both sets of couples, it could be observed that both were relatively happy and satisfied (with or without children). It is therefore evident that couples indeed would have wanted to have children, if given the chance. For the couples without children, it was relayed that they wanted to raise them but since the wife was already in her late or mature age when they got married, biological reasons prevented them doing so. As such, they learned to accept the fact that they could not have children and it was evident from their relationship that their satisfaction and happiness was not diminished by not having children. For the couple with three children, it was noted that children provided them with happiness that strengthened their marital bond. There were challenges in terms of meeting financial obligations and supporting the needs of the children; but this was accepted to be part of life. It was noted to have actually helped in striving to work harder to support the children’s needs and to try as much as they can to avail of much entertainment, leisure and relaxation as they could possibly accommodate. Overall, the interview results indicated that although children could have significantly contributed to providing happiness and a sense of fulfillment to married couples, this is not the sole factor that determines marital satisfaction. Even couples who do not have

Learning disabilities Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Learning disabilities - Research Paper Example Some of the primary characteristics presented by students with learning disabilities include: trouble maintaining attention regardless of distractions; inadequate memory and learning strategies; poor reading skills and poor sense of motivation for academic activities (Graves & Ward, 2012). Learning disabilities typically manifest themselves differently in students at various education levels such as elementary and high schools. In elementary school, students with learning disabilities exhibit poor motor skills, attention and typically show difficulty learning basic skills. However, at the high school level, learning disabilities are exhibited through emotional difficulties on top of the normal emotional issues associated with adolescence (Bowen & Rude, 2006). ... For high school students with learning disabilities, academic success may seem like an unattainable fete. Although learning disabilities are the most common among high school students, other forms of disabilities, including, physical, emotional instability and mental disability are also quite prevalent (Graves & Ward, 2012). Today, high school students with disabilities (SWD) are placed in inclusive education classes where they are expected to learn, read and pass standardized tests and examinations at the same level as non-disabled students. Standardized testing encompasses the use of testing approaches and instruments administered and scored in a consistent and preset manner. Typically, students with disabilities placed in inclusive education classes perform rather dismally on standardized test, thus do not demonstrate year to year progress on such tests (West, Leon-Guerrero & Stevens, 2007). As a consequence, students with disabilities exhibit repeated test failures as a result of failure to complete assignments, failing the course due to inadequate comprehension of the material and ultimately due to excessive absences caused by their disabilities. Problem Documentation From previous research findings, it is clear that there are diverse advantages to including students with disabilities in classrooms with typically developing students. One of the greatest benefits is that students with disabilities are able to learn from their peers as non-disabled students can act as role models (Garnett, 2010). This encourages disabled students and instigates rapid progress as children learn most and best from their peers. In addition, inclusion enlightens typically developing children regarding disabilities, thus showing that they should not be

All forms of abortion should be illegal in the U.S Essay

All forms of abortion should be illegal in the U.S - Essay Example This discussion exposes these untruths that have been reported and are widely perceived as facts. It also explains the framers’ intent for the legal and moral direction of American society when they drafted the Constitution, the document that defines the laws of the nation. There is little freedom of choice for women who are experiencing an unwanted pregnancy. The women themselves usually wish to bring their baby to full term. Other powerful influences in her life such as husbands/boyfriends, parents and friends are generally the forces that exact pressures on her to terminate the pregnancy. â€Å"Eight out of 10 women surveyed after abortion said they would have given birth if they’d had support and encouragement from family and friends† (Reardon, 2002). It’s the abortion that, in many cases, is unwanted by the woman, not the baby. Most often, the father of the child, not wishing to accept responsibility, may beg or even threaten a woman until she agrees to the abortion. â€Å"In 95 percent of all cases the male partner played a central role in the decision† (Zimmerman, 1977). This and other studies have illustrated clearly that most women decide against their own conscience. Legal abortion enables fathers to force their will on mothers. Some women resort to abortion in desperation because they fear continued abuse. That fear is substantiated as women who refuse to abort have been subjected to serious abuses which have escalated to murder if the women still persists in her refusal. Murder is the leading cause of death for pregnant women and for what other motive could there be? â€Å"Sixty-four percent of women surveyed report being pressured by others into unwanted abortions† (Reardon, 1992).   Ã‚  Immediately following an abortion, the one(s) coercing the decision are relieved and seldom, if ever, give the inconvenient issue another thought. Women, on the other

Develop practical entrepreneurial ideas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Develop practical entrepreneurial ideas - Essay Example Superior Foods has formulated an effective marketing strategy that will ensure proper market penetration (Erick 2011). The London market has huge demand for fast food products, especially during the morning and in the afternoon. The student population greatly desire food products which are easily available and relatively affordable. The demanding lifestyles of London residents at work and in learning institutions, explains minimal time available for preparing home cooked meals. The fast foods are the most appropriate alternative. The products that will be provided by the business are mainly fast foods and drinks. The customers can visit the establishment to get fast food products and related services that include entertainment. Alternatively, busy clients can make orders through our email and social media platforms (Anders 2005). The food will be delivered within 30 minutes in any location Within London. There are several major competitors in the fast food sector within London; for instance, Chicken Valley, Chicago Pizza, Burger King, and Ambar. We will ensure competitive advantage through concentrating on customized services (Richard 2008). The most favored customized services, is the home and office delivery. The market entry strategy involves effectively integrating fast food products with customized services and entertainment. A resident jazz band has been contracted to perform during all Friday and Saturday

Sstrategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sstrategic management - Essay Example In strategic thinking a firm primarily should concern itself with the answering of three important question, these are; where we are? Where we are headed and how we intend to get there? The first question is vital because by understanding its current position, a firm can define itself in the present tense and thus prepare strategy that can be launched from the position. The second question is in a way a continuation of the first since it can only be practically answered after the first has been determined, where is the firm headed in the market? A firm must interrogate the market and business positions it intends to hold and occupy in the, the firm also needs must consider who its potential target customers are in addition to figuring out the needs it aims to satisfy and fulfill for these customer groups. A firm should also under the question of where we are going; consider what it seeks to achieve in its particular business. After asking and answering the above question, the firm wi ll have established its position and intention, at this point the third question emerges, how are we going to get there? The next consideration of the presentation was the definition of strategy; according to the speaker, a company’s strategy is comprised of the sort of competitive moves and actions business managers engage in in order to successfully run the company. To use a sporting analogy, a strategy can be described as the game plan in which the maneuvers and plans intended to be applied in bringing eventual success are contained (courseonline3000, n.d.). This game plan comprises of information on what sort of company they want to run, the characteristics, expectations of the target customers, and the means by which they will be attracted and maintained. It is in the strategy that the firm’s market position is staked out so it may curve out for itself a niche in its particular industry in the interests of maintaining relevance. The strategy must also indicate the type of operations that management wishes to conduct, the means by which they will be completed successfully, as well as the individuals expected to work on the same. All this is done with the ultimate goal of achieving the organizational objectives and this will depend on what sort of objectives, which should have also been specified in the strategy. Business models are other critical considerations that companies make; a business model addresses the issue of how a company should make money, which is the ultimate objective of majority of firms. In the setting up of a business model, firms must determine whether the business in which they are engaged provides an equitable return in investment. To determine the effectiveness of a particular business model the managers must consider several factors in the business front; first they must consider the revenue that a particular strategy is expected to produce after implementation. Secondly, they should consider the cost involved in form s of structures and resources and compare it with the potential profit margin, finally they must consider if the resulting earning are indicative of a viable strategy and thus practical model. These are important because the resulting revenues and other benefits that follow its implementation will only determine the validity of a model. A business model and strategy work toward the same end; nevertheless, in their structure and

Chapter Problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chapter Problems - Assignment Example The fourth Amendment to the U.S.A, states that human rights should not be violated from acts pertaining to unreasonable search and seizures (Scheb, 2011). The supreme court of the United States describes the security personnel as uniformed and armed private actors. In addition, if the security personnel are to be included in the Fourth Amendment protection, then they should be ready to serve the citizens just like the normal government officials (Cunningham & Taylor, 1984). This will ensure that crime and violence is curbed in all the states that have been experiencing increased crime rates. 6. What is the rationale for excluding from trial evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment? Is this a compelling justification for the exclusion of criminal evidence from the trial of a defendant accused of a serious felony such as aggravated battery? The main reason that is behind the exclusion from trial evidence obtained in the fourth Amendment may be due to the security officers (Hougan, 1978). It has been noted that the security officers are under estimated in their services. This is due to the fact that they are excluded from the Fourth Amendment protection. ... Since most of these guards are employed by the city government then they are required by the court to comply with the constitutional requirements. The court also proposes that instead of the private police arresting people for crimes committed, they should equip them with the Miranda laws (Cunningham & Taylor, 1984). 8. The Supreme Court has created a â€Å"good-faith† exception to the exclusionary rule where police rely on a search warrant that is later held to be invalid because the magistrate erred in finding probable cause for a search. Should the good-faith exception be extended to cases where police acting in good faith conduct warrantless searches that are later held to be unlawful? In the Fourth Amendment law, the term â€Å"good faith† is used to refer to the reasonableness state of a police officer in the belief of the existence of a warrant that is in fact invalid (Hougan, 1978). In a criminal prosecution, there is no exception to the Fourth Amendment require ment that all seizures and searches are reasonable in line with the good faith exception. Moreover, when the police violate this Amendment, the evidence is inadmissible to the victim of the search or seizure. Therefore, the only instance where a good faith is necessary is when police rely on a warrant in case of a search or a seizure (Feinman, 2010). When an officer performs a search based on his/ her own facts, and not one the basis of a warrant, then it is hard to claim that the police officer committed an unreasonable mistake. However, if a warrant or any other official authorization of search is required, then the police officer can be reported to have violated an individual’s Fourth Amendment

Hammer Wines Business Report Essay Example for Free

Hammer Wines Business Report Essay Introduction Colin Hammer, after arranging an independent review, has found that many of his employees have been avoiding work and other responsibilities by searching the Internet for non-work related amusements. This act is known as cyber slacking and it is said to cost companies billions of dollars each year and often results in managers blocking or limiting access to certain websites. Concerned for productivity, this report will outline the current usage and array of sites potentially being used by the Hammer Wines employees. The sites include those for entertainment or work purposes, and restrictions based on these findings should be implemented. These restrictions must be forever changing and expanding, as each website has a different effect on the varying departments its respective employees. These modifications will also affect the productivity of Hammer Wines and will be discussed in the report by making an â€Å"internet use† policy. Findings Department Spending Most Time on the Internet Cyberslacking is a prominent occurrence amongst the Hammer Wines employees. However, of all employees, the Receptionists spent the longest time on the Internet throughout the one-week trial (see figure 1.0 below). This may or may not be detrimental to Hammer Wines. Often, receptionists complete their work before their set time, meaning that if they’re browsing the Internet, still answering their phone and have completed required work, productivity will remain normal. Studies also show productivity can increase when employees are less restricted with the Internet. This productivity can swing both ways. Negative productivity will be detrimental to Hammer Wines if the receptionist fails to multitask and therefore ineffectively completes required jobs. Internet Productivity and Cyberslacking From the array of websites (see figure 1.1 below) it is difficult to tell if Cyberslacking is present at Hammer Wines. This is because many websites, such as facebook.com and twitter.com, are huge social marketing websites, but can also used as a cost effective methods for company awareness and advertising. These sites, however, can also be misused for personal use. Unless the employee is caught directly misusing these sites, it is hard to tell weather they are cyberslacking or not. Facebook.com is one example of Cyberslacking. It is Hammer Wines’ second most visited Internet site, being used by Sales and Marketing, Reception, Manufacturing and Distribution, Human Resources @ Training and IT Services. Sales and Marketing are the only employees likely to need the site for work purposes. For all other departments, employees must use Facebook.com for personal interests. Websites, including deals.com are often used for both work and leisure. Reception, Human Resources @ Training, Manufacturing and Distribution, Sales and Marketing are all using this site. Assumptions cannot be made in relation to website use. Human Resources @ Training, Manufacturing and Distributing, and Sales and Marketing departments all have valid work-related grounds to use Deals.com, as it is great for promotional and comparative purposes. IT Services were found to be using Games.com. A total of 120 minutes was recorded throughout the week. This is a website purely dedicated to fun and games. This is the seventh most used website recorded. Although it is only a small fraction of the Internet usage, it is clear that productivity has decreased in the IT department, and through the given statistics, Cyberslacking is present. Similarly, Tatts.com was used by the Sales and Marketing department, for up to 80 minutes throughout the recorded week. Tatts.com is a betting website and has nothing to do with the Sales and Marketing of Hammer Wines. However, productivity can be increased in the workplace, with employees having some freedom on the Internet. The use of social media and other personal websites can release stress and tension, thus not wholly being to the determent of Hammer Wines. Conclusion Hammer Wines has a vast array of websites being used by employees for both personal and work use. Cyberslacking is present amongst all employees, with websites aimed at socialization and productivity which both highly used. This, however, is hard to monitor as some sites – such as Facebook.com or Deals.com are used in the companies Sales and Marketing department, but also used in recreational down time by most, if not all, other departments. It is important for Hammer Wines to implement a strategy to monitor all Internet usage. Receptionist work productivity remained high in correlation to time spent on internet, however, it was obvious the Cyberslacking was overruling the IT department, as they spent 120 hours over the duration of the week on a games and entertainment website. Solution Internet Use Policy Hammer Wines should enforce an â€Å"Internet User Policy† in the employees contract, defining the terms of use for recreational Internet. Any employee found misusing the Internet for purposes strictly other than work, may lead to disciplinary action, and their position at the company may be compromised. Blocking Sites Permanently blocking all Internet sites at Hammer Wines could result in a drop in productivity. Alternatively, a system that allows employees to have an allocated time throughout the day, to specifically visit sites such as Facebook.com and Twitter.com will allow staff members to have high productivity through compromise and strategy. One example of strategic blocking is unblocking all websites for 15 minutes every 3 hours, enabling employees to use restricted sites that coincide with structured break times (lunch, snack and end-of-day). A second option for Hammer Wines is to block all websites, only allowing those who hold a position of authority (manager) or employee that has spoken to someone in a position of authority, to get a specific code to access a blocked website. This code then unblocks all sites and remains unblocked until the page is exited. This could be implemented when departments wish to use sites such as Facebook.com for marketing or promotional purposes.